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#plantphysiology

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michael

23-Jan-2025
From root to shoot: How #silicon powers plant resilience
Breakthrough discovery of the #ShootSiliconSignal protein reveals how an optimal level of silicon enhances plant #resilience and #productivity
eurekalert.org/news-releases/1 #science #plants #PlantPhysiology #signalling #proteins

EurekAlert!From root to shoot: How silicon powers plant resilienceA breakthrough study reveals that the Shoot-Silicon-Signal (SSS) protein plays a crucial role in managing silicon uptake and distribution in rice and other grasses. This study sheds light on how SSS helps plants adapt to environmental stresses. Understanding the role of silicon could provide valuable information on crop resilience and solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability, especially in the face of climate change.
Public
The Global Plant Council

New Insights into Flowering Regulation

An international team uncovered how carbon and nitrogen signals regulate flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. The study reveals that these pathways converge on FLOWERING LOCUS C to fine-tune flowering time, offering insights to develop resilient, resource-efficient crops for sustainable agriculture.

globalplantcouncil.org/new-ins #PlantScience #Science #Plants #PlantSci #Flowers #arabidopsis #agriculture #PlantPhysiology

Image credit: The Trehalose 6-phosphate pathway impacts on Flowering Locus C (FLC). Photo: Gramma, Olas, and Zacharaki et al. (2024), Plant Physiology, Fig. 1C.
Public
michael

17-MAY-2024
Scientists discover mechanism of sugar signaling in plants
Findings reveal how a sugar-sensing protein acts as a "machine" to switch plant growth — and oil production — on and off

eurekalert.org/news-releases/1

EurekAlert!Scientists discover mechanism of sugar signaling in plantsA paper in the journal <em>Science Advances</em> describes how the moving parts of a particular plant protein control whether plants can grow and make energy-intensive products such as oil — or instead put in place a series of steps to conserve precious resources. The study focuses specifically on how the molecular machinery is regulated by a molecule that rises and falls with the level of sugar — plants’ main energy source.
#science#proteins#PlantPhysiology
Public
michael

23-Nov-2023
How do plants determine where the light is coming from ?
eurekalert.org/news-releases/1
#science #LightAndLife #PlantPhysiology #PhotoTropism

EurekAlert!How do plants determine where the light is coming from ?<p><strong>Plants have no visual organs, so how do they know where light comes from? In an original study combining expertise in biology and engineering, the team led by Prof Christian Fankhauser at UNIL, in collaboration with colleagues at EPFL, has uncovered that a light-sensitive plant tissue uses the optical properties of the interface between air and water to generate a light gradient that is 'visible' to the plant. These results have been published in the journal <em>Science</em>.</strong></p>
Public
The Global Plant Council

Fast electrical signals mapped in plants with new technology

What happens inside the carnivorous plant Venus Flytrap when it catches an insect? New technology has led to discoveries about the electrical signalling that causes the trap to snap shut. Bioelectronic technology enables advanced research into how plants react to their surroundings, and to stress.

globalplantcouncil.org/fast-el via @liu.international @Columbia #PlantPhysiology #PlantScience #Plants #science

Image: The newly developed measuring device consists of a film with many electrodes in it, so thin that it can follow the curvature of the plant´s lobes. It allows researchers to measure the electrical signal in the lobe. Credit: Thor Balkhed
Public
michael

10-AUG-2023
The positional transmitter of statoliths unveiled: It keeps plants from getting lazy
Gravity sensing mechanism in plants

eurekalert.org/news-releases/9

EurekAlert!The positional transmitter of statoliths unveiled: It keeps plants from getting lazyPlants orient their organs in response to the gravity vector, with roots growing towards gravity and shoots growing in the opposite direction. The movement of statoliths responding to the inclination relative to the gravity vector is employed for gravity sensing in both plants and animals. However, in plants, the statolith takes the form of a high-density organelle, known as an amyloplast, which settles toward gravity within the gravity sensing cell. Despite the significance of this gravity sensing mechanism, the exact process behind it has eluded scientists for over a century. A groundbreaking study led by Professor Miyo Terao Morita at the National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB) in Japan has revealed that the translocation of signaling proteins from amyloplasts to the plasma membrane is the key to deciphering this enigmatic mechanism. The research, titled “ Cell polarity linked to gravity sensing is generated by LZY translocation from statoliths to the plasma membrane,” is now available online in Science ahead of print.
#science#PlantPhysiology#plants
Public
michael

6-JUL-2023
The solstice switch: Warming’s effects on autumn leaf senescence depend on timing

eurekalert.org/news-releases/9

EurekAlert!The solstice switch: Warming’s effects on autumn leaf senescence depend on timingHow temperate and boreal trees’ leaves respond to climate change remains uncertain. Now, a new study of northern forests reports that while early-season climate warming – that occurring before the summer solstice – tends to be associated with earlier autumn leaf senescence, late-season warming (after the summer solstice) has the opposite impact, delaying onset of leaf senescence in fall. “Improved models of plant development and growth under climate change will need to incorporate the reversal of warming effects after the summer solstice,” write Constantin Zohner and colleagues, authors of the study. Climate change has resulted in changes to the growing seasons of plants. For example, research shows that the start of the growing season for boreal and temperate trees – when leaves emerge during the spring and trees begin to photosynthesize – occurs, on average, two weeks earlier than it did during the 19th and 20th centuries. Similarly, the end of season (EOS) – when autumn leaves die and fall – is being delayed. Not only do these shifts affect tree performance, but they can also lead to changes in ecosystem structure and functioning, impacting global biogeochemical cycles. A longer growing season could mean greater carbon sequestration in forests, for example. The timing of EOS largely depends on dynamic environmental and biological interactions, which aren’t well understood. Using a combination of satellite, ground, carbon flux, and experimental data, Zohner and colleagues evaluated how leaf senescence relates to various environmental cues, including day length, temperature, and early-season photosynthesis, across northern forests. Across 84% of the study area, Zohner et al. found that warming had opposing effects on leaf senescence depending on when the warming occurred. According to the findings, increased temperatures and leaf growth before the summer solstice was correlated with earlier onset of leaf senescence by a rate of roughly 2 days per degree Celsius (C) of warming. Warmer temperatures following the solstice delayed autumn leaf senescence by ~2.5 days per C. “The solstice switch in trees’ physiological responsiveness to temperature calibrates their seasonal rhythms and mediates how they react to warm or cool temperatures, now and in the future,” say the authors. For reporters interested in trends, a 2020 Science study (http://www.sciencemag.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd8911) reporting results of a large-scale analysis of European trees reported that climate warming was causing tree leaves to fall earlier in autumn. The results were built on growing evidence that plant growth is limited by the ability of tree tissues to use and store carbon.
#science#ecology#trees
Public
The Global Plant Council

Discovery of novel gene to aid breeding of climate resilient crops

Researchers have revealed for the first time how a key gene in plants allows them to use their energy more efficiently, enabling them to grow more roots and capture more water and nutrients.

globalplantcouncil.org/discove via Penn State, University of Nottingham, WUR #plantscience #plantsci #science #plants #plantphysiology #research #roots

Image credit: University of Nottingham

Public
Cheeky Wee Drewie

Hey #PlantScience people. Can you suggest some #books to get back into the subject?

I completed two years of an undergrad degree in PlantSci at the start of the 90s, so I'm comfortable with #biochemistry at the level of the Calvin-Benson cycle, redox reactions, cytochromes and all that jazz.

Other stuff I'm interested in: #SoilScience, #PlantPathology, #PlantPhysiology, general #Microbiology and #PlantGenetics (transgenic toms were all the rage where I studied).

Rec me some reading! #BookRec

Public
michael

Researchers have demonstrated how strawberry inflorescence development is dictated by the small growing points, called meristems. This research provides tools for plant breeding based on genetic information and for improving yields of the more genetically complex cultivated strawberry. eurekalert.org/news-releases/9 #strawberries #science #PlantPhysiology #SeasonalScience

EurekAlert!Understanding inflorescence architecture in woodland strawberry provides tools for crop improvementResearchers from the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with their Canadian colleagues, have demonstrated how strawberry inflorescence development is dictated by the small growing points, called meristems. This research provides tools for plant breeding based on genetic information and for improving yields of the more genetically complex cultivated strawberry.
Public
Koen Hufkens, PhD

Non destructive stomatal measurements. Nice progress on good use cases of #ML

#datascience #PlantPhysiology

plantmethods.biomedcentral.com

BioMed CentralRapid non-destructive method to phenotype stomatal traits - Plant MethodsBackground Stomata are tiny pores on the leaf surface that are central to gas exchange. Stomatal number, size and aperture are key determinants of plant transpiration and photosynthesis, and variation in these traits can affect plant growth and productivity. Current methods to screen for stomatal phenotypes are tedious and not high throughput. This impedes research on stomatal biology and hinders efforts to develop resilient crops with optimised stomatal patterning. We have developed a rapid non-destructive method to phenotype stomatal traits in three crop species: wheat, rice and tomato. Results The method consists of two steps. The first is the non-destructive capture of images of the leaf surface from plants in their growing environment using a handheld microscope; a process that only takes a few seconds compared to minutes for other methods. The second is to analyse stomatal features using a machine learning model that automatically detects, counts and measures stomatal number, size and aperture. The accuracy of the machine learning model in detecting stomata ranged from 88 to 99%, depending on the species, with a high correlation between measures of number, size and aperture using the machine learning models and by measuring them manually. The rapid method was applied to quickly identify contrasting stomatal phenotypes. Conclusions We developed a method that combines rapid non-destructive imaging of leaf surfaces with automated image analysis. The method provides accurate data on stomatal features while significantly reducing time for data acquisition and analysis. It can be readily used to phenotype stomata in large populations in the field and in controlled environments.
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