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#Bcell

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Lorraine

easychair.info/p/the-intrinsic

This piece by @fitterhappierAJ makes the cut in my Covid 2024 edit
It ONLY came to my attention the other day (b/c I don’t much venture out of my eco-system of truth) exactly HOW bad the advice in traditionally searched “health” media is & it appears to have started in earnest approx 1 year ago

This isn’t ground zero, but in this article common sense of Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly is counterpointed w/: But Dr Celine Gounder, an infectious disease epidemiologist and editor-at-large at Kaiser Health News, is among those who said that #immunity from a first infection means that a subsequent infection poses a lower risk of such outcomes.

“There is nothing about a #reinfection that is more dangerous than an original infection, and if anything, a reinfection is going to be lower risk because you have some immunity baseline at the time of reinfection,” said Gounder.

theguardian.com/world/2023/jan

What a difference a year of #misinformation #disinformation makes b/c this EXACT narrative permeates the worldwide collective consciousness. It is AMAZING this is taken as fact at this point as it is a COMPLETE LIE!

If anyone has any specific #tcell #bcell #CovidPapers or articles that reference them that would be useful in countering this narrative, please post here🙏🏼🖤🖤🖤

Perhaps we can be in a different place in 1 year…🌈🌈

People CAN be persuaded w/logic/facts & if they are experiencing symptoms & seeing it all around them, all the more

Easy Chair · The Intrinsic Severity of SARS Cov 2By Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD
Public
Ingo Fricke

An Immunological Review of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Serology: Innate and Adaptive Responses to mRNA, Adenovirus, Inactivated and Protein Subunit Vaccines
#COVID19 #vaccines #Pfizer #BioNTech #Oxford #AstraZeneca #Sinopharm #Novavax #antibody_response #Tcell #Bcell #neutralizing_antibodies #adaptive #immune #response #immunology
mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/1/51

MDPIAn Immunological Review of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Serology: Innate and Adaptive Responses to mRNA, Adenovirus, Inactivated and Protein Subunit VaccinesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is defined by its positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) structure. It is in the order Nidovirales, suborder Coronaviridae, genus Betacoronavirus, and sub-genus Sarbecovirus (lineage B), together with two bat-derived strains with a 96% genomic homology with other bat coronaviruses (BatCoVand RaTG13). Thus far, two Alphacoronavirus strains, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, along with five Betacoronaviruses, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have been recognized as human coronaviruses (HCoVs). SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than six million deaths worldwide since late 2019. The appearance of this novel virus is defined by its high and variable transmission rate (RT) and coexisting asymptomatic and symptomatic propagation within and across animal populations, which has a longer-lasting impact. Most current therapeutic methods aim to reduce the severity of COVID-19 hospitalization and virus symptoms, preventing the infection from progressing from acute to chronic in vulnerable populations. Now, pharmacological interventions including vaccines and others exist, with research ongoing. The only ethical approach to developing herd immunity is to develop and provide vaccines and therapeutics that can potentially improve on the innate and adaptive system responses at the same time. Therefore, several vaccines have been developed to provide acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19-disease. The initial evaluations of the COVID-19 vaccines began in around 2020, followed by clinical trials carried out during the pandemic with ongoing population adverse effect monitoring by respective regulatory agencies. Therefore, durability and immunity provided by current vaccines requires further characterization with more extensive available data, as is presented in this paper. When utilized globally, these vaccines may create an unidentified pattern of antibody responses or memory B and T cell responses that need to be further researched, some of which can now be compared within laboratory and population studies here. Several COVID-19 vaccine immunogens have been presented in clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy, inducing cellular antibody production through cellular B and T cell interactions that protect against infection. This response is defined by virus-specific antibodies (anti-N or anti-S antibodies), with B and T cell characterization undergoing extensive research. In this article, we review four types of contemporary COVID-19 vaccines, comparing their antibody profiles and cellular aspects involved in coronavirus immunology across several population studies.
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Carolyn King

next up to read: really interesting new work by @marionpepper lab

already thinking how we might integrate this into what we learned from Gaya/Milpied labs showing IL4 promotes more permissive GC and "bystander" memory B cells in the tissue

IL-4 downregulates BCL6 to promote memory #Bcell selection in germinal centers | bioRxiv

biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

bioRxivIL-4 downregulates BCL6 to promote memory B cell selection in germinal centersGerminal center (GC)-derived memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for humoral immunity as they differentiate into protective antibody-secreting cells during re-infection. GC formation and cellular interactions within the GC have been studied in detail, yet the exact signals that allow for the selection and exit of MBCs are not understood. We show that IL-4 can trigger GC B cell selection and exit by inducing the negative autoregulation of BCL6, the primary GC transcription factor. High affinity/avidity GC B cells that secure additional help and upregulate MBC survival signals to replace the loss of BCL6 exit the GC as memory cells, whereas those that do not are primed for cell death. In this way, IL-4 signaling regulates selection and affinity maturation within the MBC pool. ### Competing Interest Statement M.P. is a member of the NeoLeukin and Vaxart scientific advisory boards.
Public
La Jolla Institute

New from Prof. Shane Crotty and Yu Kato at LJI and Andrew G Letizia at the Naval Medical Research Center:

"Memory B-Cell Development After Asymptomatic or Mild Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection" doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac319

Read for a close look at spike #antibody titers, pseudovirus neutralizing antibody titers, and memory #Bcell responses among #SARSCoV2 PCR-positive Marine recruits who either reported asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. #OpenAccess #COVID19 #immunology #InfectiousDisease

OUP AcademicMemory B-Cell Development After Asymptomatic or Mild Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 InfectionAmong young adults, the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)–induced antibody and memory B-cell responses were similar af
Public
Justin J. Taylor PhD

Thanks to great work from
Pam Rosato, Hanna Degefu and Tyler Searles, we've updated our #biorxiv preprint led by Kristin Fitzpatrick describing the development and use of an easy and robust bead-based approach to validate and monitor ligand tetramer performance for detection of antigen-specific lymphocytes by #flowcytometry. #antigenspecific #Tcell #Bcell biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

bioRxivValidation of ligand tetramers for the detection of antigen-specific lymphocytesThe study of antigen-specific lymphocytes has been a key advancement in immunology over the past few decades. One innovation allowing for this type of research was the development of multimerized probes containing antigens, peptide:MHC complexes, or other ligands that can be used to study antigen-specific lymphocytes by flow cytometry. While these types of studies are common and performed by thousands of laboratories, quality control and assessment of probe quality is often minimal. In fact, many of these types of probes are made in-house and protocols vary between labs. While peptide:MHC multimers can often be obtained from commercial sources or core facilities, few such services exist for antigen multimers. To ensure high quality and consistency with antigen probes, we have developed an easy and robust multiplexed approach using commercially available beads able to bind antibodies specific for the antigen of interest. Using this assay, we have sensitively assessed the performance of antigen tetramers and find considerable batch-to-batch variability in performance and stability over time. This assay can also reveal common production errors such as miscalculation of antigen concentration. Unexpectedly, probes including the fluorochrome allophycocyanin exhibited more rapid performance decline compared to probes including the fluorochrome R-phycoerythrin when both were stored at 4 degrees C. This performance decline was reduced for most, but not all, batches when antigen tetramers were instead stored at -20 degrees C in 50% glycerol. This work could set the stage for the development of standardized assays for all commonly used antigens to limit lab-to-lab technical variation, and experimental failure due to tetramer underperformance. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
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Antonino Cassotta

We are happy to share our new study recently published in the European Journal of Immunology entitled “Clonal composition and persistence of antigen-specific circulating T follicular helper cells”.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/

Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are very important to promote #Bcell response and #antibody affinity maturation. Despite, their blood counterparts circulating Tfh (#cTfh) cells are poorly defined in #human in terms of #antigen specificity and persistence.
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