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#immunity

6 posts6 participants1 post today
United States News Beep

TB bacteria can play dead to outlast the immune response, study reveals

A vaccine protects more than 100 million infants each year from severe tuberculosis (TB), including the fatal brain…
#NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Genetics #Bacteria #Bacterial #Brain #drugs #Genes #Genetic #HIV #ImmuneResponse #immunesystem #immunity #Lungs #medicine #PublicHealth #Research #Science #Tuberculosis #vaccine #Veterinary
newsbeep.com/us/13368/

Steve's Place

The gangster, the thief, the felon, the con artist Donald "I like Nazis" Trump took the real trophy. Fuck him and fuck SCOTUS for giving the son of a bitch immunity of any kind because, to the Nazi faithful, he's immune from ALL prosecution.

Fuck you Nazis in robes for what you did to us.

Know your enemies.

aus.social/@Qldaah/11485427406

Aus.SocialDavid Marler (@Qldaah@aus.social)Donald Trump claims FIFA President Gianni Infantino told him to keep the Club World Cup trophy. Chelsea will receive a replica trophy after winning the tournament in New Jersey on Sunday. Trump stated the original is in the Oval Office. https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/chelsea-replica-fifa-club-world-081954883.html
#USpolitics#crime#theft
flypapers

📰 "Different ways to die: harnessing variation in Drosophila reveals loss of tolerance and resistance over age and sex-specific association between infection susceptibility and lifespan"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Metabolism #Drosophila #Immunity

bioRxiv · Different ways to die: harnessing variation in Drosophila reveals loss of tolerance and resistance over age and sex-specific association between infection susceptibility and lifespanIt is widely accepted that susceptibility to infection increases with age. The reason often invoked is the dysregulation of the immune system, which is both cause and consequence of ageing. However, we do not all age in the same way, and increased susceptibility may not be solely due to immune dysregulation affecting resistance to infection. There are many possible ways to make a host less tolerant to infection by dysregulating key physiological or metabolic processes. We hypothesised that the increase in susceptibility to infection over age can be linked to both immune ageing and decreased tolerance, and importantly, that it will depend on genotype and sex of the host. We assessed susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial challenge in both sexes in 22 Drosophila isolines at young and old ages, and leveraged variation between genotypes to investigate how frequently an increase in susceptibility to infection was more associated with a decline in resistance or disease tolerance mechanisms. To achieve this, we assessed pathogen load to report on host immune decline. Strikingly, in most cases, greater infection susceptibility at old age was driven by reduced tolerance, although we also frequently identify cases that suffered bona fide immunosenescence, e.g. impaired resistance. We screened across bacterial pathogens during systemic and oral infections and found sex-specific signatures in survival in young and old individuals, but increased susceptibility with age occurred in both sexes. Pairing infection survival with lifespan data, we find that transcending genotype variation, susceptibility at old age predicts lifespan in males only, regardless of the existence or direction of sex bias in longevity. This work highlights that increased infection susceptibility is an early-arising ageing phenotype that occurs in both sexes, but only predicts lifespan in males, paralleling burgeoning evidence in mammals for male-biased effects of age on infection and its connection with mortality. Our data support a model where infection susceptibility increases with age following the same multiplicative pattern as organismal mortality, with existing failures making new failures more consequential. We propose that the term immunosenescence be used specifically to describe proven dysregulation of immune tissue resistance mechanisms. We argue that to fully understand the drivers of age-related susceptibility to infection, it is essential to consider genotype, sex, and their interaction, as well as the dysregulation of non-immune functions that influence the ability to control pathogens. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Wellcome Trust, https://ror.org/029chgv08, 210183/Z/18/Z Royal Society, https://ror.org/03wnrjx87, RGS\R1\221328 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, https://ror.org/00snfqn58, 2023.08149.CEECIND
flypapers

📰 "A retrospective analysis of 400 publications reveals patterns of irreproducibility across an entire life sciences research field"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Immunity

bioRxiv · A retrospective analysis of 400 publications reveals patterns of irreproducibility across an entire life sciences research fieldThe ReproSci project retrospectively analyzed the reproducibility of 1,006 claims from 400 papers published between 1959 and 2011 in the field of Drosophila immunity. This project attempted to provide a comprehensive assessment, 14 years later, of the replicability of nearly all publications across an entire scientific community in experimental life sciences. We found that 61% of claims were verified, while only 7% were directly challenged (not reproducible), a replicability rate higher than previous assessments. Notably, 24% of claims had never been independently tested and remain unchallenged. We performed experimental validations of a selection of 45 unchallenged claim, that revealed that a significant fraction (38/45) of them is in fact non-reproducible. We also found that high-impact journals and top-ranked institutions are more likely to publish challenged claims. In line with the reproducibility crisis narrative, the rates of both challenged and unchallenged claims increased over time, especially as the field gained popularity. We characterized the uneven distribution of irreproducibility among first and last authors. Surprisingly, irreproducibility rates were similar between PhD students and postdocs, and did not decrease with experience or publication count. However, group leaders who had prior experience as first authors in another team in the field had lower irreproducibility rates, underscoring the importance of early-career training. Finally, authors with a more exploratory, short-term engagement with the field exhibited slightly higher rates of challenged claims and a markedly higher proportion of unchallenged ones. This systematic, field-wide retrospective study offers meaningful insights into the ongoing reproducibility crisis in experimental life sciences. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Swiss National Science Foundation, 310030_189085 ETH-Domain’s Open Research Data (ORD) Program (2022)
flypapers

📰 "Reproducibility of Scientific Claims in Drosophila Immunity: A Retrospective Analysis of 400 Publications"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Immunity

bioRxiv · Reproducibility of Scientific Claims in Drosophila Immunity: A Retrospective Analysis of 400 PublicationsDrosophila immunity has been the focus of intense study and has impacted other research fields including innate immunity and agriculturally or epidemiologically relevant investigations of insect pests and vectors. Unsurprisingly for such a large body of work, some published results were later found to be irreproducible. Although some results have been contradicted in the literature, many have no published follow-up, either due to a lack of research or low motivation to publish negative or contradictory results. We have addressed this by performing a reproducibility project that analyses the verifiability of claims from articles published on Drosophila immunity before 2011. To assess reproducibility, we extracted claims from 400 articles on the Drosophila immune response to bacteria and fungi and performed preliminary verification by comparing these claims to other published literature in the field. Using alternative approaches, we also experimentally tested some unchallenged claims, which had no published follow-up. The intent of this analysis was to centralize evidence on insights and findings to improve clarity for scientists that may base research programs on these data. All our data are published on a publicly available website associated with this article (https://ReproSci.epfl.ch/) that encourages community participation. This article provides a short summary of claims that were found to have contradictory evidence, which may help the community to assess past findings on Drosophila immunity and improve clarity going forward. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Swiss National Science Foundation, 310030_189085 ETH-Domain’s Open Research Data Program 2022
Continued thread
William Lindsey :toad:

"The ABA and the Times are wasting their time analyzing what Donald Trump is doing. A 'power grab' assumes that Trump is claiming or exercising powers he does not have. Trump isn’t grabbing power. He’s using powers that he has already taken."

~ Lucian K. Truscott

#Trump #SupremeCourt #power #dictator #UnitaryExecutive #immunity
/5

luciantruscott.substack.com/p/

Lucian Truscott Newsletter · Boy, did we ever get it right with “No Kings”By Lucian K. Truscott IV
Continued thread
William Lindsey :toad:

"The bleak unifying principle of this Supreme Court term: It’s an emergency whenever Trump says so. ...

Aside from a few sporadic attempts to rein in Trump’s most lawless excesses, the court has largely given up policing the president’s power grabs."

~ Mark Joseph Stern

#Trump #SupremeCourt #power #dictator #UnitaryExecutive #immunity
/3

slate.com/news-and-politics/20

Slate · The Bleak Unifying Principle of This Supreme Court TermBy Mark Joseph Stern
Mark

The UK has a major new variant that could fuel a summer Covid wave

The #UK is well on its way to having a new dominant variant, fuelling concerns that a fresh #Covid wave could be just around the corner.

“Given that #immunity to Covid is waning in the population due to a decline in uptake of the spring #booster jab and the reduction of Covid #infections

inews.co.uk/news/science/new-c

The i Paper · The UK has a major new variant that could fuel a summer Covid waveThe new variant has quickly grown to account for more Covid infections than any other variant around at the moment in the UK
#Covid19#ScienceMatters#safety
flypapers

📰 "Disruption of hemocyte differentiation and distribution in Drosophila Ptr23c mutants"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Immunity #Embryo

bioRxiv · Disruption of hemocyte differentiation and distribution in Drosophila Ptr23c mutantsIn Drosophila , hemocytes are essential for development and immunity, with their differentiation and spatial distribution under strict regulation. Here, we examine the effect of the Ptr23c null mutation in embryonic hemocyte development. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, Ptr does not regulate hemocyte number, as the mutation did not affect the total number of hemocytes, apoptosis, mitosis, or the balance between major subpopulations. However, Ptr23c mutants displayed disrupted distribution and premature hemocyte differentiation, marked by accelerated maturation at stage 12. Despite this early differentiation, Ptr23c embryos exhibited a 50% reduction in mature hemocytes by stage 16, as quantified by serpent-driven mCherry expression. Our findings establish Ptr as a regulator of hemocyte distribution and differentiation timing during normal embryogenesis, possibly through modulation of the serpent pathway. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, https://ror.org/02trn6p95, ID216 - 2017 Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas (PEDECIBA), UY Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación, https://ror.org/03egaj678, pec\_3\_2019\_1\_158811
flypapers

📰 "The Drosophila proventriculus lacks stem cells but compensates for age-related cell loss via endoreplication-mediated cell growth"
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20
#Drosophila #Immunity #Adult

bioRxiv · The Drosophila proventriculus lacks stem cells but compensates for age-related cell loss via endoreplication-mediated cell growthThe Drosophila proventriculus is a bulb-shaped structure at the juncture of the foregut and the midgut, which plays important roles in ingestion, peritrophic membrane synthesis, and the immune response to oral pathogens. A previous study identified a population of cells in the proventriculus which incorporate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a marker of DNA synthesis, and proposed that these cycling cells are multipotent stem cells that replace dying cells elsewhere in the tissue. Here, we re-investigate these cycling cells and find that they do not undergo mitosis, do not generate clonal lineages, and do not proliferate in response to tissue damage, and are therefore not stem cells. Instead, we find that these cells continually endoreplicate throughout the flys life, increasing their ploidy and cell volume, while at the same time nearby cells are lost into the gut lumen in an age-dependent process. These cells play a critical role in the synthesis of peritrophic membrane components, and we show that when endocycling in these cells is experimentally increased or decreased, nuclear and cellular volume as well as peritrophic membrane synthesis is concomitantly enhanced or reduced. Further, we show that blocking endocycling in these cells leads to functional defects in the peritrophic membrane, ultimately leading to increased susceptibility to orally infectious bacteria. Altogether, we show that continual endocycling of these cells is critical for maintaining tissue size and function over the course of the adult lifespan. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NIH, R24 OD031952 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, https://ror.org/006w34k90
*
Chuck Darwin

The MAGA era
— and the three latest Trump appointees to the Court
— has resulted in a new, gruesome project:
❌giving Trump whatever he wants.

🔥This toxic combination of bigotry and fealty has created a Court that uses all its might to attack the less powerful
while coddling those who already have it all — particularly Donald Trump.

It’s a Court with a very clear vision of who matters and who needs protection.

The majority opinion in "Trump v. CASA", the birthright citizenship case,
was honestly inevitable,
a culmination of all the ways in which the conservative justices have warped the Court in order to serve Trump.

Indeed, the Court’s previous term will go down in infamy as the one in which they gave Trump permission to do whatever he wants
by inventing sweeping #presidential #immunity.

One year later, Trump needed his reliable pals on the Supreme Court to step in on the #birthright #citizenship case
because four federal district courts and three federal appeals courts had enjoined him from implementing his executive order eliminating birthright citizenship.

That shouldn’t be a surprise, or even remotely controversial.

There’s simply no world where an executive order can undo the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of birthright citizenship
-- and since the order was so obviously unconstitutional, the lower courts issued universal, or #nationwide, #injunctions to block the policy.

Those nationwide injunctions stopped Trump from stripping citizenship from babies,
even in states that were eager to let him do so.

Twenty conservative states filed an amicus brief urging the Court to let Trump’s executive order go into effect.

But the conservatives on the Court couldn't face grappling with whether Trump’s executive order was unconstitutional.

Indeed, they very much want you to know that the administration’s requests did not ask the Court to rule on the birthright citizenship issue at all. Heavens, no.

This is just about whether lower courts can issue universal, or nationwide, injunctions.

This is, to put it charitably,
⭐️a self-serving lie,
a way for the conservatives to soothe themselves,
to pretend they aren’t responsible for Trump turning the immense machinery of his immigration crackdown on literal babies.

No, all they did was strip the lower courts of the ability to issue universal injunctions.

Of course, once those injunctions are narrowed,
the administration is free to proceed on its plans to deprive babies of citizenship anywhere the narrower injunctions don’t apply
publicnotice.co/p/trump-casa-s

Public Notice · A corrupted Supreme Court sinks to new lowsBy Lisa Needham
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