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#nucleoprotein

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Giuseppe Michieli

#Analysis of #polyclonal and #monoclonal #antibody to the #influenza virus #nucleoprotein in different oligomeric states, BioRxIV: biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

Our analysis suggests that linear NP epitopes paired with their corresponding characterized detection antibodies could aid in designing and improving #diagnostic technologies for influenza virus.

bioRxiv · Analysis of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to the influenza virus nucleoprotein in different oligomeric statesInfluenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is one of the most conserved influenza proteins. Both NP antigen and anti-NP antibodies are used as reagents in influenza diagnostic kits, with applications in both clinical practice, and influenza zoonotic surveillance programs. Despite this, studies on the biochemical basis of NP diagnostic serology and NP epitopes are not as developed as for hemagglutinin (HA), the fast-evolving antigen which has been the critical component of current influenza vaccines. Here, we characterized the NP serology of mice, ferret, and human sera and the immunogenic effects of NP antigen presented as different structural complexes. Furthermore, we show that a classical anti-NP mouse mAb HB65 could detect NP in some commercial influenza vaccines. MAb HB65 bound a linear epitope with nanomolar affinity. Our analysis suggests that linear NP epitopes paired with their corresponding characterized detection antibodies could aid in designing and improving diagnostic technologies for influenza virus. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

The #frequency & #function of #nucleoprotein-specific #CD8+ T cells are critical for heterosubtypic #immunity against #influenza virus infection, J Virol.: journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.11

We demonstrate that both CTL frequency & function are crucial for providing heterosubtypic immunity to influenza by utilizing an Ad-viral vector expressing a CD8 epitope only to rule out the role of antibodies, single-cell RNA-seq analysis, as well as adoptive transfer experiments.

Public
Giuseppe Michieli

#Sialic #Acid #Receptor Specificity in #Mammary #Gland of Dairy #Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza A(#H5N1) Virus, Emerg Infect Dis.: wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/7

Mammary gland tissues co-stained with sialic acids and influenza A virus #nucleoprotein showed predominant co-localization with the virus and SA α2,3-gal. HPAI H5N1 exhibited epitheliotropism within the mammary gland, and we observed rare immunolabeling within macrophages.

Emerging Infectious Diseases journalSialic Acid Receptor Specificity in Mammary Gland of Dairy Cattle Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) VirusDairy Cattle Infected with HPAI H5N1 Virus
Public
Auscandoc

has promising clinical trial results skepticalraptor.com/skepticalr

OVX836 is a recombinant . Nucleoprotein is a relatively stable protein in viral particles — not prone to the mutations that change surface antigens so often that new strains are constantly emerging. Presenting this stable protein as an antigen could reduce the need for constant vaccine updating.

Skeptical RaptorUniversal flu vaccine has promising clinical trial resultsA universal flu vaccine is the unicorn of vaccines. It will provide immunity to various strains of flu for years instead of for just one year.
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