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#Miners

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United Kingdom, 1956. Many of the photos in the Fortepan archive don't have any direct connection to Hungary per se. They are just in their collection without any provenance or context that we know of. This is a fine example of such a photo. Two miners somewhere in the UK. Such a terrific portrait of working men.

Fortepan [260016] / UWM Libraries

Today in Labor History February 19, 1990: After a 10-month strike, rank-and-file miners at the Pittston Coal Co. ratified a new contract. Ninety-eight miners and a minister occupied a Pittston Coal plant in Carbo, Virginia, inaugurating the year-long strike. While a one-month Soviet coal strike dominated the U.S. media, the year-long Pittston strike received almost no media coverage in the U.S. The wildcat walkouts involved 40,000 miners in Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky. Over 2,000 people occupied Camp Solidarity. Miners and their families engaged in Civil Disobedience, pickets, work stoppages and sometimes sabotage, vandalism and violence. Over 4,000 were arrested.

Victorian Cornwall’s leading sector: metal mining

There was no question about Cornwall’s leading economic sector in the mid-1800s. In terms of income, productivity and employment it was metal mining. The early 1860s marked the peak of Cornish mining. Deep copper mining had broken out of its eighteenth-century heartland west of Truro in the 1810s, first to mid-Cornwall in the 1810s and then further east in the 1830s and 40s, where it joined earlier smaller tin mining ventures. At the same time, the predominantly tin mining concerns of the St Agnes, Helston and St Just districts continued to employ a large number of miners.

The mining landscape of the Central Mining District – Wheal Grenville looking east along the Great Flat Lode in 1904

In 1861 30 per cent of men aged 15 to 69 were enumerated in the census of that year as working on and in mines. This includes surface workers, enginemen, mine smiths, mine clerks and others, as well as the iconic underground tributer. A map of the relative distribution of these men clearly indicates the districts most affected by mining – west Cornwall from Perranporth to St Just, mid-Cornwall around the Hensbarrow granitic outcrop and east Cornwall (where it had spilled over the Tamar into west Devon in the 1840s.)

Mine relics at Caradon Hill near Liskeard, site of a copper mining boom in the 1840s

Few of Cornwall’s 212 parishes were wholly untouched by mining; a large block in north Cornwall made up the main non-mining district while other non-mining parishes were to be found along the south coast. But of the over 29,000 miners in 1861 over a quarter (7,453) lived in just four parishes – Camborne, Illogan, Redruth and Gwennap. These four comprised the Central Mining District. They accounted for more than twice the number of miners at work in east Cornwall for example, the relative importance of the latter being exaggerated by the lower population density of the area.

The role of mining is therefore perhaps better illustrated by a map of the absolute number of miners, which more clearly portrays the mining districts of Cornwall. Here it is.

Today in Labor History January 26, 1886: In Decazeville, France, miners attacked the home of the mine engineer, Watrin, after he slashed their wages by 10%. He died when they threw him from his window. Paul Lafargue, Cuban-French revolutionary and son-in-law of Karl Marx, who wrote about the strike in June of 1886, considered the strike to be one of the seminal moments for French socialists over the past 15 years.

Today in Labor History January 19, 1932: A General Strike turned into an anarchist insurrection in Alt Llobregat, near Barcelona, Spain. Armed miners and textile workers, members of the CNT, declared "Libertarian communism," including the abolition of money and property. The revolt quickly spread to other nearby towns. They cut telephone lines and replaced Republican flags with the red and black CNT flags. By January 27, the authorities had quashed the rebellion. They deported hundreds of rebels to African colonies. The detainees included Buenaventura Durruti, who would later lead the Durruti Column of anarchist soldiers against the fascist armies of Francisco Franco.

Today in Labor History January 15, 1946: 260,000 U.S. electrical workers struck against General Electric, Westinghouse and General Motors. It was part of the Great Strike Wave of 1946, the largest in U.S. history. In that wave, 43,000 oil workers struck in October, 1945; 225,000 autoworkers in November, 1945; 93,000 meatpackers in January, 1946; 750,000 steel workers, in January 1946; 340,000 coal miners, in April, 1946; and 250,000 railroad workers in May 1946. There were also General Strikes in Lancaster, PA; Stamford, CT; Rochester, NY; and Oakland, CA.

Today in Labor History December 21, 1907: The Santa María School massacre occurred in Iquique, Chile. The Chilean Army attacked striking saltpeter miners and their wives and children, killing over 2,000 and destroying the strike. It also effectively quashed the union movement for the next decade. The saltpeter strike was part of a wave of strikes that started in 1905, including a General Strike earlier in December, 1907. The event is depicted in Volodia Teitelboim’s 1952 novel, “Hijo de salitre.”

#workingclass #LaborHistory #chile #union #strike #miners #massacre #GeneralStrike #unionbusting #women #children #books #fiction #novel #author #writer @bookstadon

Today in Labor History December 21, 1910: 344 miners died when the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit exploded in Westhoughton, England. It was the third worst mining disaster in British history. The original owner of the mine, William Hulton, once served as sheriff. In that role he sentenced 4 people to death, including a 12-yer-old boy, for taking part in a Luddite attack in 1812. His orders also led to the Peterloo Massacre in 1819, in which the cavalry charged a crowd of 60,000 workers and peasants fighting for suffrage. Many had just returned from Waterloo. Hulton paid the lowest wages of any colliery owner in Lancashire and he violently opposed any attempts to organize. His son and grandson, who later took over control of the colliery, were no better.

For a really good portrayal of the Peterloo events, see Mike’s Leigh’s 2018 film, “Peterloo.” Several recent novels portray Peterloo, including Carolyn O'Brien's “The Song of Peterloo” and Jeff Kaye's “All the People.” Isabella Banks wrote the novel “The Manchester Man” in 1876, based on her own interviews with survivors of the massacre. Additionally, there is a graphic novel in 'verbatim' form, Peterloo: Witnesses to a Massacre, as well as a 2016 Doctor Who audio adventure based on the Peterloo Massacre.

#workingclass #LaborHistory #miners #disaster #Peterloo #massacre #luddite #books #film #novel #fiction #doctorwho #author #writer @bookstadon