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#ProtoIndoEuropean

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𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

"Eat" comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-, perhaps like this (listen):
🔊 ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

The same root developed into Armenian ուտել utel:
🔊 ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Sanskrit अत्ति atti:
🔊 ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Bosnian jedem, and cognates:
🔊 ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Ancient Greek ἔδω edo:
🔊 ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

@linguistics #audio #etymology #phonetics #EnglishLanguage #ProtoIndoEuropean #Armenian #Sanskrit #Bosnian #Greek

Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Our new paper, "Using acoustic-phonetic simulations to model historical sound change", has been published in Diachronica:

benjamins.com/catalog/getpdf?w

This should be visible to all (Open Access, CC BY 4.0 license). But the DOI associated with this paper is not yet live, so if anybody has difficulty getting the paper from the Benjamins site, please do let me know and we will alert them.

#etymology#linguistics#statistics
Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

How do we "know" (infer) the pronunciation of words in Proto-Indo-European? My next web page about this question, for the phonetics and philology nerds, focusses on the places of articulation of stops, and the nasals: ancientsounds.net/PIEconsonant

Always glad to receive corrections, requests for clarification etc.

www.ancientsounds.netConsonants
#linguistics#philology#phonology
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𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

Several people asked for readings about how we "know" (infer) the pronunciation of words in Proto-Indo-European. A phonological analysis starts from a collection of minimal contrasts and near contrasts between words. The minimal and near-minimal pairs exemplified in the Audio Etymological Dictionary are listed here:

ancientsounds.net/contrasts.ht

More phonological discussion to come later ...

#linguistics
#etymology
#EnglishLanguage
#phonology
#ProtoIndoEuropean

www.ancientsounds.netPhonological contrasts in Proto-Indo-European
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silmeth 🇺🇦

What are good articles (if any) about the relation of (Balto-)Slavic instrumental predicatives to cvi-/gúhā-construction in Sanskrit and Latin rubefaciō?

Is there something looking deeper at the BSl. side (rather than from Skrt. perspective, only mentioning BSl. in passing)?

(Looking for some IE #syntax reading more interesting than a millionth take on “default IE word order”)

@linguistics #historicallinguistics #ProtoIndoEuropean #slavic #baltoslavic

Replied in thread
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Freedom2B

From Middle English store, stoure, storre, from Anglo-Norman stor, estore, estorr, estoer, and Old French estour, estor, from Latin īnstaurō.
From in- +‎ *staurō, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂u-ro-, from *steh₂-.

From Middle English shoppe, schoppe, from Old English sċoppa (“shed; booth; stall; shop”), from Proto-Germanic *skupp-, *skup- (“barn, shed”), from Proto-Indo-European *skub-, *skup- (“to bend, bow, curve, vault”).

From Proto-Italic *tendō, from Proto-Indo-European *ténd-e-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, extension of Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”).

#etymology
#Spanish
#English
#OldEnglish
#ProtoIndoEuropean
#ProtoGermanic

Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Cold” comes from Proto-Indo-European *ǵól-to-, something like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

*ǵól-to is a form of *ḱel-to-, which developed into Persian سرد sard, Urdu serd:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian hlad “shade”:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Lithuanian šaltas:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Cover of a detective novel by Boileau-Narcejac entitled "Šaltas prakaitas", which means "cold sweat" in Lithuanian. The image depicts a misty view over the rooftops of a European city with a grey wintry sky.
#linguistics#etymology#EnglishLanguage
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𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Fire” comes from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂‐ur [pa(ħ)ur], something like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

The same root developed into Balochi پُر phor “ashes, flames”:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig
(and Ancient Greek πῦρ [pyr], Latin pyra, pyre, pyro-, etc.)

In Armenian, it comes out as հուր hur:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Image source: hoonch.am/post/grakanutyun/hay

Fantasy graphic showing two hands with outstretched index fingers that touch at their fingertips. The hand on the left appears to be made of fire, and the hand on the right is in shades of blue and white as if made of water or perhaps ice. Where the index fingertips meet, there is a small bright white flash, from which plumes of steam rise up. The caption below, in Armenian script, reads "hur ev jur", which is Armenian for "fire and water". I have highlighted the word "hur". From an Armenian web magazine, hoonch.am.
#linguistics#etymology#EnglishLanguage
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𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Year” comes via Anglo-Saxon ġēar from Proto-Indo-European from *yeh₁ro, something like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

*yeh₁ro developed into Bosnian jar:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

A similar outcome is also part of the Persian expression دچار‎ doch-yar “bad year, famine”:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

#linguistics#etymology#EnglishLanguage
Public *
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Worm” comes from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥mis. Ignoring the final -is, like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

*kʷr̥m- also developed into Odia କୃମି kurumi:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Urdu کِرم kirm:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Latvian ķirmis:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Polish czerw:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Bosnian crv:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Headline and illustration from a Polish website about new films. The headline means "DUNE. The director of the science fiction show talks about designing WORMS". The word for worm, "czerw", is highlighted. The image shows a giant sandworm in the desert, while a human-like figure looks on and various small aircraft hover round. The artwork is inspired by the Dune science fiction story, but not directly based on the movie.
#linguistics#etymology#EnglishLanguage
Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Magus” comes, via Ancient Greek, from Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 m-gu-u-š, maguš “power, priest”. The Modern Persian version of this word, مغ‎ [moɢ], comes from Proto-Indo-European *mogʰ- (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

“Might” (power/may happen) is also from *mogʰ:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

as is “may” 🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Bosnian možda “maybe”:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

Profile figure of a Zoroastrian Magus carrying a ceremonial barsom (a bunch of twigs tied together in a certain way) engraved on a flat gold plate, from the Oxus Treasure of the Achaemenid Empire, 4th century BC, from Wikimedia Commons. By unknown - MarisaLR (Own work), CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10773696
#linguistics#etymology#phonetics
Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Wear” comes from Proto-Indo-European *wos, like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

*wos is a form of *wes, which also developed into Sanskrit वस्ते vaste:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Albanian vesh:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

and Latin vestis:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

which was borrowed into English as "vest" and in "vestments".

Veshur, which means "dressed" in Albanian. From fjale.al, an Albanian online dictionary.
#linguistics#etymology#englishlanguage
Public
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Water” comes from Proto-Indo-European *wodr (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig
(This *wodr is a Philadelphia English speaker saying "water" 🙂 .)

Ancient Greek ὕδωρ ‎[hýdo:r] and Slavic вода/woda/voda too.

*wodr was a variant of *wodn, from the root *wed:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig
The derived form *wedns developed into Sanskrit उदन् udan:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

#linguistics#etymology#englishlanguage
Public *
𝔸𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕊𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕤 🔉

Audio Etymologies of the Day

“Wasp” comes (via Anglo-Saxon waps) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wobʰ-seh₂, a form of *h₁webʰ-, “weave”. Ignoring the -seh₂ suffix, like this (listen):
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

*h₁webʰ- also developed into Balochi گْوَپت gwap “weave”:
🔈ancientsounds.net/eastern-orig

#linguistics#etymology#englishlanguage
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