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#mushrooms

43 posts37 participants4 posts today

The recent rain woke up one of our fall 2020 golden oyster logs. I was sure we were not going to see any more mushrooms from this log, it was super productive over the last two years and has lost a lot of bark. We have a new set of blue oyster logs that we expect to see do well soon, but no new goldens.

The golden isn't my favorite mushroom for taste/texture, but I'll probably go ahead and make some more golden logs next fall, can't beat it on productivity.

Neolentinus lepideus

mushroomexpert.com/Neolentinus

Ecology: Saprobic on well-decayed conifer stumps and conifer wood, including treated lumber; causing a brown rot; growing alone or in small groups; summer and fall, or year-round in warm climates; widely distributed in North America—but present in western areas primarily on lumber. The illustrated and described collection is from Florida.

Cap: 2-15 cm across; convex with a slightly inrolled margin, becoming broadly convex; dry; whitish with small, brown, appressed scales.

Gills: Broadly attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close; short-gills frequent; white; edges serrated.

Stem: 2-10 cm long; 2-4 cm wide; more or less equal; dry; scaly, with white, recurved scales that become reddish brown or darker toward the base; with an ephemeral, easily-lost ring; whitish; very tough.

Flesh: White; very tough; unchanging when sliced, or turning dull yellow in the stem.

Odor and Taste: Odor fragrant, reminiscent of anise; taste not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 8-11 (-14) x 3-4.5 m; subcylindric; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-spored. Hymenial cystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis of hyaline, smooth elements 2.5-7.5 m wide. Hyphal system dimitic at maturity. Clamp connections conspicuous.

Stereum ostrea

mushroomexpert.com/Stereum_ost

Ecology: Saprobic on the dead wood of hardwoods; growing densely gregariously (but usually individually, without fusing together), often from gaps in the bark; causing a white rot of the heartwood; often serving as a host to algae; sometimes parasitized by jelly fungi; apparently sometimes associated with Phlebia incarnata (see the note on the linked page); spring, summer, fall, and winter; widely distributed in North America.

Fruiting Body: 1-7 cm across; usually shaped like a funnel that has been sliced down one side, but often fan-shaped, semicircular, or irregularly kidney-shaped; densely velvety or hairy at first, but often smoother by maturity; with concentric zones of red, orange, yellowish, brown, and buff shades (sometimes developing greenish shades in old age as a result of algae); without a stem.

Undersurface: Smooth; whitish to grayish or pale reddish brown.

Flesh: Insubstantial; tough.

Chemical Reactions: KOH red (or at first red, then black) on all surfaces.

Spore Print: White; difficult to obtain.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5.5-7.5 x 2-3 ; smooth; cylindric; amyloid. Pseudoacanthohyphidia (thin-walled elements with 2-5 very small apical projections; true acanthohyphidia have numerous, long projections all over and look like bottle brushes) present.

Mycena inclinata

mushroomexpert.com/Mycena_incl

Ecology: Saprobic on the well decayed wood of hardwoods; usually growing in dense clusters (but sometimes growing alone or scattered); spring and fall (or over winter in warmer climates) widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, and occasionally reported on the West Coast.

Cap: 1-5 cm; broadly conical, becoming broadly bell-shaped and usually retaining a central bump; vaguely lined or grooved radially; bald; tacky; the margin usually featuring tiny, fringe-like "teeth" when young, and in age often becoming somewhat tattered, or splitting; color variable (brown to yellowish brown, brownish or tan, but often developing yellow stains and areas); fading to dingy whitish with exposure to sunlight.

Gills: Narrowly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; sometimes with well developed cross-gills when mature; whitish to pale grayish, sometimes becoming yellowish or pinkish in age; not bruising or staining.

Stem: 5-10 cm long; 2-4 mm thick; equal; hollow; bald or with tiny fibers and flakes, especially when young; whitish near the apex, yellowish to yellow in the midsection, and brown to reddish brown below.

Flesh: Insubstantial; pale.

Odor and Taste: Odor mealy to foul and mealy; taste mealy.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative to brownish on cap surface.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 5-7 ; amyloid; broadly elliptical; smooth. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia abundant; of the "broom cell" type, with rod-like projections and nodes. Pileipellis elements diverticulate, with short nodes and rod-like projections.

Pluteus aurantiorugosus

mushroomexpert.com/Pluteus_aur

Ecology: Saprobic on decaying hardwood logs and stumps; growing alone or in small groups; summer and fall; widely distributed in North America, but encountered more frequently east of the Rocky Mountains. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois and Québec.

Cap: 2-5 cm; convex at first, becoming broadly convex to nearly flat, sometimes with a central bump; dry or moist; bald, or slightly granular; the margin not lined, or only faintly lined, at maturity; bright scarlet to orange when young, fading to orangish yellow in age.

Gills: Free from the stem; close or nearly crowded; short-gills frequent; whitish, becoming pinkish; often with yellowish edges.

Stem: 3-6 cm long; 0.5-1 cm thick; equal; finely hairy and fibrous; whitish to yellowish above, but flushed with the cap color below; basal mycelium white or yellowish.

Flesh: Pale yellowish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: Pink.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5.5-8 x 4-5 ; ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; inamyloid. Hymenial cystidia infrequent; widely lageniform; thin-walled; to 50 x 15 . Pileipellis a cystoderm with inflated terminal elements. Clamp connections absent.

Leccinum caespitosum

mushroomexpert.com/Leccinum_ca

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with conifers (especially hemlocks, Douglas-fir, spruces, and firs); growing alone or gregariously, usually partially submerged in the soil or completely underground; spring through fall; montane western North America, the Appalachian Mountains, and the European Alps.

Fruiting Body: 1.5-3 cm across; round or nearly so; outer surface whitish at first, bald or a little silky, bruising blue and eventually becoming brown overall; pseudostem present as a tiny, stublike extension; interior composed of oblong chambers that are initially whitish but turn dark brown with maturity; columella extending well into the interior from the pseudostem.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-22 x 13-15 m; oval, with a short appendage (a portion of the sterigmatum); widely longitudinally ribbed; reddish brown in KOH.

Pholiota squarrosa

mushroomexpert.com/Pholiota_sq

Ecology: Saprobic and possibly parasitic; growing in clusters on the wood of hardwoods or conifers; often found at the bases of living or dead trees; especially common on aspens and spruces in the Rocky Mountains; summer and fall; fairly widely distributed in North America.

Cap: 3-12 cm; convex, becoming broadly convex or broadly bell-shaped; dry; yellowish underneath conspicuous buff to tawny scales.

Gills: Attached to the stem or beginning to run down it; close or crowded; whitish to yellowish when young, becoming greenish yellow and eventually rusty brown; at first covered by a partial veil.

Stem: 4-12 cm long; up to 1.5 cm thick; dry; with an ephemeral ring or ring zone; yellowish, sometimes becoming brown to reddish brown from the base up; covered with conspicuous buff to tawny scales.

Flesh: Whitish to yellowish.

Odor and Taste: Odor not distinctive or strongly of garlic; taste mild or somewhat unpleasant. The odor of my collections in Colorado is quite strong and quite distinctive--like a cross between garlic and lemon.

Chemical Reactions: KOH negative on cap surface.

Spore Print: Cinnamon brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-8 x 4-5 ; smooth; more or less elliptical; with an apical pore; reddish brown in KOH. Pleurocystidia clavate to clavate-mucronate or subfusiform; some with refractive contents in KOH; to 45 x 14 . Cheilocystidia subfusiform to fusoid-ventricose or clavate; to 43 x 15 . Pileipellis an interwoven layer of cylindric hyphae with clavate to fusoid-ventricose terminal elements. Clamp connections present.

REFERENCES: (Batsch) Kummer, 1871. (http://194.203.77.76/librifungorum/Image.asp?ItemID=21&ImageFileName=0243b.jpg" TARGET="new 1821; http://194.203.77.76/librifungorum/Image.asp?ItemID=33&ImageFileName=SyllogeFungorum5-749.jpg" TARGET="new 1887; Overholts, 1927; hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-" TARGET="new">Smith & Hesler, 1968; Farr, Miller & Farr, 1977; Smith, Smith & Weber, 1979; svims.ca/council/Pholio.htm" TARGET="new">Scates & Gospodnetich, 1981/2003; Arora, 1986; Jacobsson, 1989; States, 1990; Lincoff, 1992; Evenson, 1997; Barron, 1999; McNeil, 2006; Miller & Miller, 2006.) Herb. Kuo 08150718.

<B>Further Online Information:</B>

quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/" TARGET="new">Pholiota squarrosa in Smith & Hesler (1968)<BR>rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/Di" TARGET="new">Pholiota squarrosa at Roger's Mushrooms

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<IMG SRC="images/nadon/nadon_pholiota_squarrosa_01_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="253" BORDER="0" ALT="Pholiota squarrosa">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo3/pholiota_squarrosa_02_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Pholiota squarrosa">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo3/pholiota_squarrosa_03_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="149" BORDER="0" ALT="Pholiota squarrosa">

<P ALIGN="right"><IMG SRC="images/kuo3/pholiota_squarrosa_01_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="127" BORDER="0" ALT="Pholiota squarrosa">

<IMG SRC="images/kuo3/pholiota_squarrosa_04_thumb.jpg" WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="212" BORDER="0" ALT="Pholiota squarrosa">

Otidea leporina

mushroomexpert.com/Otidea_lepo

Ecology: Saprobic, growing terrestrially in woods under hardwoods or conifers; often clustered, but occasionally growing alone or scattered; summer and fall (winter and spring in warmer areas); widely distributed in North America.

Fruiting Body: Rabbit-ear-shaped, spoon-shaped, or more or less cup-shaped, with a cleft down one side; up to 7 cm high and 4 cm across; inner surface pale brownish to yellowish brown; outer surface similarly colored or paler, very finely hairy; stem if present whitish, small, and rudimentary; odor not distinctive or fragrant; flesh brittle.

Microscopic Features: Spores 12-14 x 6-8 (8-11 x 5-6 in var. minor); smooth; elliptical; with two oil droplets. Asci eight-spored; up to 170 x 12 . Paraphyses narrow, with hooked or curved ends (see illustration).