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#geomagneticstorm

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PrivacyDigest

A heads up in case the sky is clear in your area tonight ( Sunday ).

#NorthernLights May Be Visible as Far South as Alabama

Streaks of colorful light could paint the #sky over a large portion of the country on Sunday night into Monday morning amid a severe geomagnetic storm.
#geomagneticstorm #AuroraBorealis #nature

nytimes.com/2025/06/01/weather

The New York Times · Northern Lights May Be Visible as Far South as AlabamaBy Amy Graff
Union City, CA Weather

Negative polarity CH HSS triggers G3 – Strong geomagnetic storm

A G3 – Strong geomagnetic storm was observed at 02:16 UTC on May 29, 2025, triggered by the arrival of a negative polarity coronal hole high-speed stream (CH HSS) at Earth. Coronal hole high-speed streams, and their associated transition zones called co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs), can create CME-like shock waves that are capable of producing strong geomagnetic disturbances and widespread auroras.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon. #geomagneticstorm #spaceweather #CME
watchers.news/2025/05/29/negat

The Watchers · Negative polarity CH HSS triggers G3 - Strong geomagnetic stormBy Teo Blašković
Daniel Fischer

Sporadic-E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024: agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.co -> Enhanced activity in the upper atmosphere of Sporadic E layers during the 2024 Mother’s Day super geomagnetic storm: kyushu-u.ac.jp/en/researches/v - new study reveals the impact of the Mother’s Day #GeomagneticStorm on the Sporadic E layers that could disrupt radio communications and navigation systems.

Continued thread
Cosmic Librarian

What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 Years

One year on, NASA scientists are still making huge discoveries about the largest geomagnetic storm to hit Earth in two decades, the Gannon storm. The findings are helping us better understand and prepare for the ways in which the Sun’s activity can affect us.

#NASA #geomagneticstorm #sun GannonStorm

science.nasa.gov/science-resea

NASA Science · What NASA Is Learning from the Biggest Geomagnetic Storm in 20 YearsBy Mara Johnson-Groh
Doug Bostrom

"In particular, many observers saw and photographed the aurora at mid-latitudes, where ground-based instruments targeting auroral studies are sparse or absent. Moreover, the proximity of the event to the Northern Hemisphere summer solstice meant that many optical instruments were not in operation due to the lack of suitably dark conditions."

#GannonStorm
#GeomagneticStorm

gc.copernicus.org/articles/7/2

gc.copernicus.orgThe Gannon Storm: citizen science observations during the geomagnetic superstorm of 10 May 2024Abstract. The 10 May 2024 geomagnetic storm, referred to as the Gannon Storm in this paper, was one of the most extreme to have occurred in over 20 years. In the era of smartphones and social media, millions of people from all around the world were alerted to the possibility of exceptional auroral displays. Hence, many people not only witnessed but also photographed the aurora during this event. These citizen science observations, although not from scientific instruments operated by observatories or research groups, can prove to be invaluable in obtaining data to characterise this extraordinary event. In particular, many observers saw and photographed the aurora at mid-latitudes, where ground-based instruments targeting auroral studies are sparse or absent. Moreover, the proximity of the event to the Northern Hemisphere summer solstice meant that many optical instruments were not in operation due to the lack of suitably dark conditions. We created an online survey and circulated it within networks of aurora photographers to collect observations of the aurora and of disruptions in technological systems that were experienced during this superstorm. We obtained 696 citizen science reports from over 30 countries, containing information such as the time and location of aurora sightings and the observed colours and auroral forms, as well as geolocalisation, network, and power disruptions noticed during the geomagnetic storm. We supplemented the obtained dataset with 186 auroral observations logged in the Skywarden catalogue (https://taivaanvahti.fi, last access: 19 December 2024) by citizen scientists. The main findings enabled by the data collected through these reports are that the aurora was widely seen from locations at geomagnetic latitudes ranging between 30 and 60°, with a few reports from even lower latitudes. This was significantly further equatorward than predicted by auroral oval models. The reported auroral emission colours, predominantly red and pink and intense enough to reach naked-eye visibility, suggest that the auroral electron precipitation contained large fluxes of low-energy (< 1 keV) particles. This study also reveals the limitations of citizen science data collection via a rudimentary online form. We discuss possible solutions to enable more detailed and quantitative studies of extreme geomagnetic events with citizen science in the future.
Continued thread
Daniel Fischer

The May 2024 Event in the Context of Auroral Activity over the past 375 years: personal.reading.ac.uk/~ym9013 / The geomagnetic #superstorm of 10 May 2024 - citizen science observations: egusphere.copernicus.org/prepr / Spatial structures of blue low-latitude #aurora observed from Japan during the extreme #GeomagneticStorm of May 2024: earth-planets-space.springerop

Daniel Fischer

Spatial structures of blue low-latitude aurora observed from Japan during the extreme #GeomagneticStorm of May 2024: earth-planets-space.springerop -> Blaues Polarlicht gibt Rätsel auf: scinexx.de/news/geowissen/blau -
Sonnensturm im Mai 2024 verursachte eine physikalisch schwer erklärbare Aurora über Japan.

SpringerOpenSpatial structures of blue low-latitude aurora observed from Japan during the extreme geomagnetic storm of May 2024 - Earth, Planets and SpaceOn May 11, 2024, an extreme G5-class geomagnetic storm triggered a spectacular and unusual display of colorful auroras in mid- to low-latitude regions all over the world. In Japan, auroras were seen not only from Hokkaido, the northernmost island, but also from the northern and central parts of Honshu, the main island. The widespread availability of commercial digital cameras among the public led to a flooding of high-resolution auroral images on social media. This study reports on the appearance of a blue-dominant aurora during a storm-time substorm on this day and its magnetic field-aligned and longitudinal structures captured by citizen scientists. Observations from two photographers at different locations revealed that the aurora was located at approximately 40 degrees magnetic latitude and magnetic local time (MLT) of 23 h, spanned about 1200 km (1-h MLT) in the longitudinal direction with three separated structures, and ranged in altitude from 400 km to at least 900 km. Simultaneous photometric measurements suggested that this blue-dominant aurora likely included emissions at 427.8 nm. While previous studies have noted the existence of emissions at 427.8 nm in low-latitude auroras, this is the first time that a blue-dominant low-latitude aurora has been spatially identified and shown to have longitudinal and field-aligned structures. Additionally, previous studies suggested that blue emissions in low-latitude auroras are produced by energetic neutral atoms from the ring current. However, identifying longitudinal and field-aligned structures in this study may need an alternative explanation. Graphical Abstract
*
Dan Roach Flying Author

Awe (rora) struck!

The most amazing colours were streaking across the sky.

Vivid reds, pale greens, pink tints…

All interspersed with dynamic streaks of light as the charged particles interacted with the Earth’s atmosphere to create the most spectacular light show, here, in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, UK.

Not Norway or Iceland, but the north west of England.

I, like many others here in the UK, saw the Aurora Borealis last Thursday evening for the first time in my life. The Sun’s activity was very high last week in part because the Sun is getting close to the most active period in its 11 year cycle. This meant the geomagnetic storm that caused the light show to reach as far south as East Sussex, whilst unusual, was not unexpected.

After 5-10 minutes things started to hot up and you could see the colours and streaks above with the naked eye. Jupiter is photobombing here just above the house.

The incredible light show that many of us witnessed on Thursday 10th October, was caused by what is termed a cannibal Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). This is where charged particles from two or more CME events combine on their way to the Earth. This led to an extreme geomagnetic storm similar in strength to the one many people (but sadly not me) witnessed back in May. These storms, which are classed as G5 (on the G-Scale by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) are very rare; the last of them to hit our planet before May was back in 2003.

So this was a big deal.

And it felt it.

When you see a storm like this you just have to wake the kids…

I’d been scrolling through Facebook just a few minutes earlier, when I saw that one of my friends had posted Aurora photos. A quick check of the AuroraWatch UK website revealed that this was no ordinary geomagnetic storm. In fact on a scale of 1 to ‘get the kids out of bed’, this was definitely in the latter category, so I grabbed my coat, and headed out into the garden.

At first I was disappointed not to see anything resembling the photo I’d seen on the internet. But as my eyes adapted I could gradually make out some light green hues to the north, then a slightly orangy/red band to the east. To the south it was clearly a more normal navy blue sky. Scanning the sky in this way made the aurora more obvious to me during those initial minutes while my vision adapted to the night sky.

I held my phone up as advised by multiple people, and could see some streaks through it and a more obvious auroral glow, so quickly snapped a few photos.

Initially I was disappointed as I could barely see anything with my own eyes, my phone camera revealing this auroral glow.

However things then quickly developed. The storm got more intense, the colours were emboldened and very soon I needed no phone to see the striking display. Kaz and I stood in the garden for around 30 minutes watching the display, pointing at the streaks as they appeared and changed, and chatting with our neighbour over the fence.

We went indoors after the initial display, but there was an even stronger showing after midnight. However, I was just grateful to have witnessed a single apparition of this phenomena with my own eyes, and amazingly from my own back yard.

It left me with an indelible impression of where we really are.

We’re on a ball of rock, hurtling through space, being protected by a magnetic field generated by our planet’s core. We’re relatively safe here on Earth. We would do well to remember that.

#Astronomy#Aurora#AuroraBorealis
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