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As an aside, it's worth noting that the benefits of PEEP in ARDS were discovered *accidentally*.

In 1967, two doctors caring for a patient on a ventilatory spotted a knob labeled "expiratory retard" and - not knowing what it did - decided to give it a try. It worked!

Nowadays we call that knob PEEP and it's an indispensable part of mechanical ventilation.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28731363/

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