Spencer Beswick<p>"Reproductive rights were won by grassroots feminist movements working in conjunction with electoral and legal strategies. </p><p>Doctors, lawyers, and even many clergy spent decades fighting legal battles to lift restrictions on abortion and birth control. Like today, they often limited their focus to cases based on health concerns or rape, rather than arguing for the fundamental right to bodily autonomy and reproductive freedom. </p><p>These tactics laid the legal foundation for Roe v. Wade, particularly the Supreme Court’s 1965 decision in Griswold v. Connecticut that legalized birth control for married couples based on the right to privacy. Yet this reliance on the framework of privacy limited the scope of reforms by obscuring the actual fight for reproductive freedom and bodily autonomy. It was only with the birth of a militant feminist movement that fought to repeal all laws restricting abortion that there was substantive progress regarding abortion itself at the level of the state. </p><p>Radical feminists in the 1960s-1970s employed new strategies for building power and effecting change. Feminists in the Women’s Liberation Movement, many of whom were veterans of the anti-war movement and New Left organizations like Students for a Democratic Society, began forming autonomous women’s groups in the late 1960s. They organized consciousness raising groups across the country in which women discussed their shared experiences. </p><p>This provided the foundation for women to speak out publicly about their abortions and to openly fight for the repeal of all abortion restrictions. Feminists began disrupting male-dominated medical spaces and challenging their supposed expertise. The Redstockings led the way when they spoke out at a 1969 New York State Joint Legislative Committee Hearing and proclaimed that “the only real experts on abortion are women!” </p><p>In addition to speakouts and demonstrations, feminists also built grassroots women’s infrastructure including underground abortion networks. Women across the country took reproductive care into their own hands, including through the new at-home abortion technique of menstrual extraction that was developed in 1971. </p><p>Feminists were inspired to put into practice what they learned from the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective’s landmark text Our Bodies, Ourselves (1970). The Chicago Jane Collective, for instance, performed over ten thousand illegal abortions between 1969-1973. Feminists demanded the repeal of all abortion laws and advocated for women themselves—not the state or the male-dominated medical system—to control their bodies. </p><p>Feminist scholar-activist Jenny Brown argues that it was these “massive feminist mobilizations” which “brought hundreds of thousands into the streets,” alongside consciousness-raising and underground abortion provision, that “in just four years forced a reluctant Supreme Court to legalize most abortions across the country.” Militant mobilization and widespread public disobedience, in combination with ongoing legal cases, pressured the Court into codifying limited abortion rights into law in the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling."</p><p>Read more in my recent article in Radical History Review, "'To Repulse the State from Our Uteri': Anarcha-feminism, Reproductive Freedom, and Dual Power"</p><p><a href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/radical-history-review/article/2024/148/90/384729/To-Repulse-the-State-from-Our-Uteri-Anarcha?guestAccessKey=7806bc55-d93d-4b68-ac99-8c9b089b52ef" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">read.dukeupress.edu/radical-hi</span><span class="invisible">story-review/article/2024/148/90/384729/To-Repulse-the-State-from-Our-Uteri-Anarcha?guestAccessKey=7806bc55-d93d-4b68-ac99-8c9b089b52ef</span></a></p><p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/feminism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>feminism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/abortion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>abortion</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/reproductiverights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>reproductiverights</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/reproductivefreedom" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>reproductivefreedom</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/roevwade" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>roevwade</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/anarchism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>anarchism</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/history" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>history</span></a> <a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/radicalhistory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#<span>radicalhistory</span></a></p>