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Splines<a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/SeeFeelTouchHug?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#SeeFeelTouchHug</a> In both <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> and <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/engineering?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#engineering</a>, one must be able to both <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/see?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#see</a> and <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/feel?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#feel</a> things that might not be there (yet). We were able to "see" the outlines of the <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/scroll?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#scroll</a> surface from <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/imageScans?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#imageScans</a> of <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/Vignola?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#Vignola</a>'s sketches in <a href="https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793169876757012827</a> and <a href="https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793215298082967733</a>. Vignola's images are on a 2-dimensional surface, as are the outlines we extracted from them. We believe the scroll surface also exists, but it is not yet manifest in 3-dimensional space. So, like a visually impaired person, we try to "feel" our way to the scroll surface using the outlines as our <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/walkingStick?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#walkingStick</a>. This diagram is identical to that in <a href="https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793493316852849994" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/793493316852849994</a> but with the rear ends of the horizontal <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/primaryCurves?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#primaryCurves</a> marked with R1, R5, and R3, which are paired with F1, F5, and F3, respectively. We know that the scroll surface must <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/touch?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#touch</a> the tangent points T1, T2, and so on in front, as well corresponding tangent points in the rear (not shown here to reduce clutter). In <a href="https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792906324854792619" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://pixelfed.social/p/Splines/792906324854792619</a>, I mentioned that a scroll starts with a volute in front and is <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/modulated?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#modulated</a> by as many as six volutes of different shapes and sizes as it reaches the back, with the scroll surface tightly hugging the volutes at EACH contact point in ALL 3 dimensions. In other words, it is not sufficient for the scroll surface to "touch" the <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/volute?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#volute</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/spirals?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#spirals</a> just in the front and rear. It must also "hug" the intermediate <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/modulatingSpirals?src=hash" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#modulatingSpirals</a>. I will first show this technique with 4 modulating spirals using rectangles M, N, P, Q, and R as their frame, and add more later on. Intuitively, we know that if we use curve F3-R3 as our walking stick on the straight vertical extrusion of that curve, we will feel the scroll surface *somewhere* on that extrusion along every point from front to back. We can narrow it down further by excluding portions above and below as we approach rectangle R in the rear.

Chuck Darwin<a href="https://c.im/tags/speed" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#speed</a>-<a href="https://c.im/tags/modulated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#modulated</a> <a href="https://c.im/tags/ironing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#ironing</a> utilizes a dual-nozzle 3D printer. The first nozzle deposits a heat-responsive filament and the second nozzle passes over the printed material to activate certain responses, such as changes in opacity or coarseness, using heat.By controlling the speed of the second nozzle, the researchers can heat the material to specific temperatures, finely tuning the color, shade, and roughness of the heat-responsive filaments. Importantly, this method does not require any hardware modifications.The researchers developed a model that predicts the amount of heat the “ironing” nozzle will transfer to the material based on its speed. They used this model as the foundation for a user interface that automatically generates printing instructions which achieve color, shade, and texture specifications.One could use speed-modulated ironing to create artistic effects by varying the color on a printed object. The technique could also produce textured handles that would be easier to grasp for individuals with weakness in their hands. <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2024/new-3d-printing-technique-creates-unique-objects-using-less-waste-1010" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" translate="no" target="_blank">https://news.mit.edu/2024/new-3d-printing-technique-creates-unique-objects-using-less-waste-1010</a>

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