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earthlingLightning over the Volcano of WaterHave you ever watched a lightning storm in awe? You're not alone. Details of what causes lightning are still being researched, but it is known that inside some clouds, internal updrafts cause collisions between ice and snow that slowly separate charges between cloud tops and bottoms. Image Credit: Sergio Montúfar (Pinceladas Nocturnas)<a href="https://a.gup.pe/u/photography" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@photography</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/volcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#volcano</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/APOD" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#APOD</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPixies [...] Pixies were first observed during the STEPS program during the summer of 2000, a multi-organizational field program investigating the electrical characteristics over thunderstorms on the High Plains. A series of unusual, white luminous events atop the thunderstorm were observed over a 20-minute period, lasting for an average of 16 milliseconds each. They were later dubbed 'pixies'. These pixies are less than 100 meters across, and are not related to lightning.Ghosts * (greenish optical emission from sprite tops) are faint, green glows that appear within the footprint of a red sprite, persisting after the red has dissipated and re-igniting with the onset of subsequent sprite events. Though possible examples of ghosts can be seen in historical images, ghosts were first noted as an exclusive phenomenon by storm chasers Hank Schyma and Paul M Smith[usurped] in 2019.* No pictures of Ghosts found yetCREDITS Contributors to Wikimedia projects<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper-atmospheric_lightning</a>Image Credit and ALT-Text: Christos Doudoulakis<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTROLL [...] TROLLs (transient red optical luminous lineaments) occur after strong sprites, and appear as red spots with faint tails, and on higher-speed cameras, appear as a rapid series of events, starting as a red glow that forms after a sprite tendril, that later produces a red streak downward from itself. They are similar to jets. [...]More in next reply –––– From spaceweather.com [...] A few minutes after the astronauts saw the sprites, they spotted a related creature a "Troll." It jumped up to the left of the sprites:"Trolls are also known as 'secondary transient luminous events," explains Oscar van der Velde, a member of the Lightning Research Group at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. "They are occasionally observed alongside big clusters of sprites, and they can reach 40-60 km high."Van der Velde says that sprites can actually pull Earth's ionosphere down toward the thunderstorm. When the gap shrinks, and the local electric field intensifies, Trolls appear.You don't have to be onboard a spaceship to see these exotic forms of lightning. "Sprite chasers" regularly photograph the upward bolts from their own homes. Van der Velde has photographed Trolls from ground-level, too. "I recorded these trolls last October over a storm over the Mediterranean Sea west of Sardinia and Corsica," he says. <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

utxoz<a class="mention hashtag" href="https://mostr.pub/tags/Lightning" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Lightning</a> ⚡ <a href="https://youtu.be/8XJes6XFjxM?si=UIK9Kzn2rrFK63kn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/8XJes6XFjxM?si=UIK9Kzn2rrFK63kn</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[...] ELVES often appear as a dim, flattened, expanding glow around 400 km (250 mi) in diameter that lasts for, typically, just one millisecond. They occur in the ionosphere 100 km (62 mi) above the ground over thunderstorms. Their color was unknown for some time, but is now known to be red. ELVES were first recorded on another shuttle mission, this time recorded off French Guiana on October 7, 1990. That ELVES was discovered in the Shuttle Video by the Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE) team at Marshall Space Flight Center, AL led by the Principal Investigator, Otha H."Skeet" Vaughan Jr.ELVES is a whimsical acronym for emissions of light and very Low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources. This refers to the process by which the light is generated; the excitation of nitrogen molecules due to electron collisions (the electrons possibly having been energized by the electromagnetic pulse caused by a discharge from an underlying thunderstorm). [...] More in next reply ___ ELVES Lightning over Italy * Image Credit & Copyright: Valter Binotto <a href="https://valterbinotto.it/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://valterbinotto.it/</a>Explanation: The most commonly seen type of lightning involves flashes of bright white light between clouds. Over the past 50 years, though, other types of upper-atmospheric lightning have been confirmed, including red sprites and blue jets. Less well known and harder to photograph is a different type of upper atmospheric lightning known as ELVES. ELVES are thought to be created when an electromagnetic pulse shoots upward from charged clouds and impacts the ionosphere, causing nitrogen molecules to glow. The red ELVES ring pictured had a radius of about 350 km and was captured in late March about 100 kilometers above Ancona, Italy. Years of experience and ultra-fast photography were used to capture this ELVES -- which lasted only about 0.001 second.<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaBlue Starter [...] Blue starters were discovered on video from a night time research flight around thunderstorms and appear to be "an upward moving luminous phenomenon closely related to blue jets." They appear to be shorter and brighter than blue jets, reaching altitudes of only up to 20 km. "Blue starters appear to be blue jets that never quite make it," according to Dr. Victor P. Pasko, associate professor of electrical engineering. [...] ____Rare Blue Starter (this article originally appeared on Spaceweather.com)by Dr. Tony Phillips We all know what comes out of the bottom of thunderstorms: lightning bolts. But on Oct. 20th, Thomas Ashcraft of New Mexico saw something coming out of the top. “I captured a form of a transient luminous event called a ‘blue starter’ shooting up from the top of a thunderstorm cloud,” he says. “Blue starters are rarely captured from ground level and there are hardly any specimens on the internet.”Lightning scientist Oscar van der Velde explains this phenomenon: “A blue starter is an electric streamer discharge coming out of the top of a thundercloud, fanning out and reaching up to the stratosphere as high as 26 km altitude. First reported by UAF scientists Wescott and Sentman in 1995/1996, they were found to be different from blue jets, which reach 35-40 km height.”“Since then, there have been very few reports of blue starters,” continues van der Velde. “It seems that unusual physical circumstances may be required to produce them. Also, geometry can prevent people from seeing blue starters when a cloud is nearby because the underbody of the cloud can block their view. At larger distances the blue/violet light does not make it to the observer due to scattering.” ___More in next reply<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

StellarSnap📸 Lightning over the Volcano of WaterCaptured in July 2019, this lightning bolt strikes from antennas near the summit of Volcán de Agua in Guatemala.Lightning forms when storm clouds build up electric charge from collisions between ice and snow. The discharge heats air hotter than the Sun’s surface.📷 Sergio Montúfar<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Lightning</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/VolcanDeAgua" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#VolcanDeAgua</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Guatemala" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Guatemala</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/StormPhotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#StormPhotography</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Astrophotography</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/StellarSnap" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#StellarSnap</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Weather</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJets[...] Although jets are considered to be a type of upper-atmospheric lightning, it has been found that they are components of tropospheric lightning and a type of cloud-to-air discharge that initiates within a thunderstorm and travels upwards. In contrast, other types of TLEs are not electrically connected with tropospheric lightning—despite being triggered by it. The two main types of jets are blue jets and gigantic jets. Blue starters are considered to be a weaker form of blue jets.Blue jets emanate upwards from cloud tops at speeds of about 100–140 km/s (60–90 mi/s) and have a conical shape extending up to around 50 km (30 mi) in altitude, lasting 200 to 300 milliseconds. They are also brighter than sprites and, as implied by their name, are blue in color. The color is believed to be due to a set of blue and near-ultraviolet emission lines from neutral and ionized molecular nitrogen. Blue jets are believed to be initiated as "normal" lightning discharges between the upper positive charge region in a thundercloud and a negative "screening layer" present above this charge region. The positive end of the leader network fills the negative charge region before the negative end fills the positive charge region, and the positive leader subsequently exits the cloud and propagates upward. Blue jets are mainly generated by thunderstorms with high rates of negative cloud-to-ground lightning. It was previously believed that blue jets were not directly related to lightning flashes, and that the presence of hail somehow led to their occurrence. [...] Blue jets occur much less frequently than sprites. By 2007, fewer than a hundred images had been obtained. [...] More recently, the source and formation of blue jets has been observed from the International Space Station. [...] More in next reply<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [...] TLEs have been captured by a variety of optical recording systems, with the total number of recent recorded events (early 2009) estimated at many tens-of-thousands. The global rate of TLE occurrence has been estimated from satellite (FORMOSAT-2) observations to be several million events per year.In the 1920s, the Scottish physicist C.T.R. Wilson predicted that electrical breakdown should occur in the atmosphere high above large thunderstorms.In ensuing decades, high altitude electrical discharges were reported by aircraft pilots and discounted by meteorologists until the first direct visual evidence was documented in 1989. Several years later, the optical signatures of these events were named 'sprites' by researchers to avoid inadvertently implying physical properties that were, at the time, still unknown. [...] Sprites are large-scale electrical discharges which occur high above a thunderstorm cloud, or cumulonimbus, giving rise to a quite varied range of visual shapes. They are triggered by the discharges of positive lightning between the thundercloud and the ground. The phenomena were named after the mischievous sprite, e.g., Shakespeare's Ariel or Puck, and is also a backronym for stratospheric/mesospheric perturbations resulting from intense thunderstorm electrification. They normally are colored reddish-orange or greenish-blue, with hanging tendrils below and arcing branches above. They can also be preceded by a reddish halo, known as a sprite halo. They often occur in clusters, reaching 50 to 90 kilometres (31 to 56 mi) above the Earth's surface. Sprites have been witnessed thousands of times. Sprites have been held responsible for otherwise unexplained accidents involving high-altitude vehicular operations above thunderstorms. [...] Read more in the next reply ..<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

grobiUpper-atmospheric lightningFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaUpper-atmospheric lightning and ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown phenomena that occur well above the altitudes of normal lightning and storm clouds. Upper-atmospheric lightning is believed to be electrically induced forms of luminous plasma. The preferred usage is transient luminous event (TLE), because the various types of electrical-discharge phenomena in the upper atmosphere lack several characteristics of the more familiar tropospheric lightning. [...] There are several types of TLEs, the most common being sprites. Sprites are flashes of bright red light that occur above storm systems. C-sprites (short for "columniform sprites") is the name given to vertical columns of red light. C-sprites exhibiting tendrils are sometimes called "carrot sprites". Other types of TLEs include sprite halos, ghosts, blue jets, gigantic jets, pixies, gnomes, trolls, blue starters, sprelves and ELVESs. The acronym ELVES (“emission of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources”) refers to a singular event which is commonly thought of as being plural. TLEs are secondary phenomena that occur in the upper atmosphere in association with underlying thunderstorm lightning.TLEs generally last anywhere from less than a millisecond to more than 2 seconds. The first video recording of a TLE was captured unexpectedly on July 6, 1989, when researcher R.C. Franz left a camera running overnight to view the night sky. When reviewing the footage, two finger-like vertical images were seen on two film frames. The next known recordings of a TLE were taken on October 21, 1989, during orbits 44 and 45 of Space Shuttle mission STS-34, which was conducting the Mesoscale Lightning Observation Experiment. [...] More in reply ..<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a>

grobi2017 June 15Red Sprites over the Channel * Image Credit & Copyright: Stephane Vetter (Nuits sacrees, TWAN) <a href="http://nuitsacrees.fr/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">http://nuitsacrees.fr/</a>Explanation: Mysterious and incredibly brief, red sprites are seen to occur high above large thunderstorms on planet Earth. While they have been recorded from low Earth orbit or high flying airplanes, these dancing, lightning-like events were captured in video frames from a mountain top perch in northern France. Taken during the night of May 28, the remarkably clear, unobstructed view looks toward a multicell storm system raging over the English Channel about 600 kilometers away. Lasting only a few milliseconds, the red sprite association with thunderstorms is known. Still, much remains a mystery about the fleeting apparitions including the nature of their relation to other upper atmospheric lightning phenomena such as blue jets or satellite detected terrestrial gamma flashes.<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a> <a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170615.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap170615.html</a>

Khurram Wadee ✅<a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/Lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Lightning</a> over the <a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/Volcano" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Volcano</a> of <a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/Water" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Water</a> <a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/Astronomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Astronomy</a> <a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/Picture" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Picture</a> of the Day<a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250727.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250727.html</a><a href="https://mastodon.org.uk/tags/APOD" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#APOD</a>

grobi2021 January 4 Sprite Lightning at 100,000 Frames Per Second * Video Credit & Copyright: Matthew G McHarg, Jacob L Harley, Thomas Ashcraft, Hans NielsenExplanation: What causes sprite lightning? Mysterious bursts of light in the sky that momentarily resemble gigantic jellyfish have been recorded for over 30 years, but apart from a general association with positive cloud-to-ground lightning, their root cause remains unknown. Some thunderstorms have them -- most don't. Recently, however, high speed videos are better detailing how sprites actually develop. The featured video, captured in mid-2019, is fast enough -- at about 100,000 frames per second -- to time-resolve several sprite "bombs" dropping and developing into the multi-pronged streamers that appear on still images. Unfortunately, the visual clues provided by videos like these do not fully resolve the sprite origins mystery. High speed vidoes do indicate to some researchers, though, that sprites are more likely to occur when plasma irregularities exist in the upper atmosphere. <a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210104.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210104.html</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi2023 October 2Sprite Lightning in High Definition * Image Credit & Copyright: Nicolas Escurat <a href="http://nicolas-escurat-photographie.com/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">http://nicolas-escurat-photographie.com/</a>Explanation: Sometimes lightning occurs out near space. One such lightning type is red sprite lightning, which has only been photographed and studied on Earth over the past 25 years. The origins of all types of lightning remain topics for research, and scientists are still trying to figure out why red sprite lightning occurs at all. Research has shown that following a powerful positive cloud-to-ground lightning strike, red sprites may start as 100-meter balls of ionized air that shoot down from about 80-km high at 10 percent the speed of light. They are quickly followed by a group of upward streaking ionized balls. Featured here is an extraordinarily high-resolution image of a group of red sprites. This image is a single frame lasting only 1/25th of a second from a video taken above Castelnaud Castle in Dordogne, France, about three weeks ago. The sprites quickly vanished -- no sprites were visible even on the very next video frame. <a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap231002.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap231002.html</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobiTOPIC> Lightnings & SpritesLightning over the Volcano of Water * Image Credit: Sergio Montúfar (Pinceladas Nocturnas) <a href="https://www.instagram.com/sergiomontufar.space/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.instagram.com/sergiomontufar.space/</a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/m_acubens/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.flickr.com/photos/m_acubens/</a>Explanation: Have you ever watched a lightning storm in awe? You're not alone. Details of what causes lightning are still being researched, but it is known that inside some clouds, internal updrafts cause collisions between ice and snow that slowly separate charges between cloud tops and bottoms. The rapid electrical discharges that are lightning soon result. Lightning usually takes a jagged course, rapidly heating a thin column of air to about three times the surface temperature of the Sun. The resulting shock wave starts supersonically and decays into the loud sound known as thunder. On average, around the world, about 6,000 lightning bolts occur between clouds and the Earth every minute. Pictured in July 2019 in a two-image composite, lightning stems from communication antennas near the top of Volcán de Agua (Volcano of Water) in Guatemala. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_de_Agua" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_de_Agua</a> <a href="https://www.lightningmaps.org/?lang=en#m=oss;t=3;s=0;o=0;b=;ts=0;z=5;y=52.8559;x=9.9756;d=2;dl=2;dc=0" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.lightningmaps.org/?lang=en#m=oss;t=3;s=0;o=0;b=;ts=0;z=5;y=52.8559;x=9.9756;d=2;dl=2;dc=0</a>;<a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250727.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250727.html</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/astrophotography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astrophotography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/NASA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NASA</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

Kat O’BrienMy niece’s verdict from the first picture was that it looks safe (as a roof), but it also looks like very dark clouds so maybe not so safe. It soon turned darker and lightning began and we all moved inside before a brief torrential rain began. She’s a smart 4-year-old! <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/rain" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rain</a> <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/summerstorm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#summerstorm</a> <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/kids" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#kids</a> <a href="https://mastodon.world/tags/barcelona" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#barcelona</a>

Kevin Karhan :verified:Also there's no "legitimate reason ever" to put a <a href="https://infosec.space/tags/ChargingPort" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ChargingPort</a> at the bottom of a device!<ul><li><a href="https://infosec.space/tags/Apple" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Apple</a> could've easily fit their stupid-ass <a href="https://infosec.space/tags/Lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Lightning</a> connector at the rear of the <a href="https://infosec.space/tags/MagicMouse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MagicMouse</a>! </li></ul>They just chose to be assholes, that's why the Magic Mouse has extreme, visible <a href="https://infosec.space/tags/lag" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lag</a> yet the <a href="https://infosec.space/tags/MagicTrackpad" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#MagicTrackpad</a> doesn't!<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N3sFRR9-OE&t=123s" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Source</a>

Love NHL<a href="https://www.lovenhl.com/1406969/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.lovenhl.com/1406969/</a> Why the Kraken are making us sad <a href="https://channels.im/tags/ALLCITY" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ALLCITY</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Avalanche" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Avalanche</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Blackhawks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Blackhawks</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/BlueJackets" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#BlueJackets</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/blues" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#blues</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Bruins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Bruins</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Canadiens" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Canadiens</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Canucks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Canucks</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/capitals" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#capitals</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/comedy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#comedy</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Devils" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Devils</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Ducks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Ducks</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/flames" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#flames</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Flyers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Flyers</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/GoldenKnights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#GoldenKnights</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/hockey" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#hockey</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Hurricanes" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Hurricanes</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/islanders" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#islanders</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/jets" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#jets</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/kings" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#kings</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Kraken" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Kraken</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Leafs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Leafs</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Lightning</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/NHL" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NHL</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Oilers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Oilers</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/PacificDivision" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#PacificDivision</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Panthers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Panthers</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/penguins" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#penguins</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Podcast" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Podcast</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/predators" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#predators</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/rangers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rangers</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/RedWings" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#RedWings</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/sabres" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sabres</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/SeattleKraken" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SeattleKraken</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Senators" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Senators</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Sharks" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Sharks</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/StanleyCup" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#StanleyCup</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/stars" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#stars</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/UtahHc" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#UtahHc</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/WesternConference" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WesternConference</a> <a href="https://channels.im/tags/Wild" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Wild</a>

1cf79ea03216c17a906ebf3263f6c6f34a84034ced779ae336e4a47beee31be3 <a href="https://image.nostr.build/e69bdc4c167925f1c10871ef1f248aa8bd3c5b4a26839d67b726ad72e8db27dc.jpg" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://image.nostr.build/e69bdc4c167925f1c10871ef1f248aa8bd3c5b4a26839d67b726ad72e8db27dc.jpg</a> 🔹 Você não precisa ter 1 Bitcoin. Entenda mais sobre no post abaixo. 🔗 <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DMgcF-7SWbu/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://www.instagram.com/p/DMgcF-7SWbu/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igsh=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==</a> <a class="mention hashtag" href="https://mostr.pub/tags/stackfy" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#stackfy</a> <a class="mention hashtag" href="https://mostr.pub/tags/bitcoin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bitcoin</a> <a class="mention hashtag" href="https://mostr.pub/tags/lightning" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a>

Rhett Allain<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/lightning" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#lightning</a> strike last night in <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/NewOrleans" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NewOrleans</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/dashcam" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dashcam</a>

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