Time to put everything together for Chang'e 6. Here is a map of the immediate area of the lander. I need to confirm the location of the drill. The Lunar Mineralogy Spectrometer (LMS) did multispectral mapping of the sampling area to help find a good place to scoop. Some parts were looked at in more bands (hyperspectral), observing traces of water (top right inset). The rover route is mapped but I am still waiting for a formal paper on it for details.
#moon #change6
This video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svW5JNPAD6c
shows the Chang'e 6 sampling process. First a drill, which took a c. 100 cm core. It should have gone to 200 cm but hit a rock. Then a scoop which collected 8 scoops of regolith. Three times the scoop contacted the surface before digging (C1, C2, C3), to calibrate the position of the scoop. Later the data from the contacts was used to measure surface strength. The process was fully automated.
#moon #change6
Less well known is this second image which appeared on a social media site which I can't get back to. But I save everything... This was taken earlier, closer to the lander. The hills in the background of both images of the lander are parts of Mons Song, south of the lander in a map I posted earlier.
#moon #change6
That Chang'e 6 panorama was not the only image from the mission. The spacecraft had multiple cameras to monitor activities throughout surface and orbital operations, but the one which got most attention was on a tiny rover:
https://www.planetary.org/space-images/change-6-surprise-rover
It was dropped off the side of the lander and could operate whichever way up it landed. More details:
https://www.leonarddavid.com/up-close-look-at-chinas-change-6-mini-rover/
That link shows a picture taken by the rover. Quite impressive!
We landed! Let's take a look around the Chang'e 6 landing site. The sample return landers only took half a panorama, alas. Here:
https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202406/04/content_WS665ec2d7c6d0868f4e8e7d12.html
are some images including their panorama (second image). My version has a straightened horizon (it's a cylindrical projection). Below is a closeup of hills on the horizon, the rim of Chaffee crater. I will eventually fill the bit at the top where the flag is to maximize the surface view.
#moon #change6
So this is a farside mare (basalt lava flow) and the regolith developed on that lava flow contains fragments thrown onto it from distant craters. The young crater Chaffee S (shown yesterday) is a likely source of some of those fragments. They would include samples of the South Pole-Aitken Basin floor, a prize long desired by lunar scientists.
#moon #change6
Here I zoom in on the Chang'e 6 landing site. I have done this 4 frame sequence for every landing and crash site which we can identify in LRO images. The second image shows the specific target box in the larger landing area. They landed almost in the middle of it. It looks like a typical mare surface but it's anything but. This was only the second landing on the far side of the Moon and the first sample return.
Many craters are named here. China has been quite active in getting names approved around its landing sites. You can also see craters commemorating several US astronauts (see the ALT text in the previous post) including the Columbia crew and 2 of the Apollo 1 crew. The Challenger crew are commemorated by craters north of here, and Soviet astronauts have their own craters near Tsiolkovskiy and Mare Moscoviense.
#moon #change6
I had a thread on lunar landing sites a year or so ago, which is included in the 'planetary mapping' PDF linked in the pinned post thanks to @birchbirch. This current thread is an update, so here I am continuing where that thread finished, just leading up to Chang'e 6. Here are 2 maps for context. They show the defined landing area and a backup area further west. A specific landing box was defined within the large landing area later.
This post is not part of the regular sequence. The image shows the sampling process for Chang'e 6. I had posted it once before but this is updated . Panel A shows the surface before sampling and the sequence builds up one event at a time. C1, C2 and C3 are surface contacts used to calibrate the arm position and assess surface hardness. The other marks are the sampling scoop disturbances. C3 happened between scoops 6 and 7.
#moon #change6
South Pole–Aitken massive impact 4.25 billion years ago revealed by Chang'e-6 samples: https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwaf103/8088430 -> China's #Change6 Samples Reveal Lunar Mystery - 4.25-billion-year-old Impact Formed Moon's South Pole-Aitken Basin: https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/research_news/earth/202503/t20250321_908490.shtml
[Premiers résultats de #DORN sur la #Lune] La récupération d'échantillons de #régolithe et de roches lunaires, couplée à l'analyse des #gaz en surface par l'instrument #DORN, a permis aux scientifiques impliqués dans la mission #ChangE6 d'identifier la survenue de deux épisodes volcaniques sur la face cachée de la Lune, il y a 4,2 et 2,8 milliards d’années. Pour mémoire, les échantillons rapportés par les missions #Apollo et #Luna de la face visible de notre satellite attestent d'un seul événement volcanique, daté de plus de 3 milliards d'années.
D'autres analyses sont en cours, qui permettront « d’affiner des observations antérieures réalisées par #télédétection qui ont montré que la face cachée de la Lune est différente, en termes de #géophysique (différences d’épaisseur de la croûte, par exemple) et de composition chimique et minéralogique des roches, de celle de la face visible », explique Pierre-Yves Meslin, astronome à l'IRAP.
“we report two newly recognized episodes of basaltic volcanism with Pb-Pb dating for basalt fragments returned by the #Change6 mission. One high-Al basalt fragment dated at 4,203 ± 4 million years ago (Ma) has a source 238U/204Pb ratio (µ value) of ~1,620, implying a KREEP-rich (K, rare earth elements, and P) source for this oldest-known occurrence of #basaltic #volcanism among returned samples”
#lunar / #moon / #volcano <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08382-0>
Découverte d'anciens volcans lunaires : Chang'e-6 met en lumière les mystères lunaires
https://scitechdaily.com/ancient-moon-volcanoes-discovered-change-6-sheds-light-on-lunar-mysteries/
#science #astrophysique #Lune #échantillons #volcan #Change6 #Chine #géologie
Samples obtained by #China's #Change6 #spacecraft show #moon's ancient #volcanism
Researchers said the soil brought back from the Chang'e-6 landing site contained fragments of volcanic rock - #basalt - dating to 4.2 billion years ago and to 2.8 billion years ago. This points to a long period of volcanic activity - at least 1.4 billion years - on the far side during the first half of the moon's history, when it was a more dynamic world than it is today.
https://www.yahoo.com/news/samples-obtained-chinese-spacecraft-show-150509761.html
Exciting news from the moon!
New research reveals that the far side of the moon, previously shrouded in mystery, once hosted erupting volcanoes just like its near side.
The findings come from samples collected by China's Chang'e-6 mission, which returned volcanic rock fragments dating back over 4 billion years!
This discovery sheds light on the moon's geological past and raises questions about its evolution. #MoonMysteries #ChangE6 #LunarVolcanism
https://apnews.com/article/moon-volcano-far-side-china-5ac2d80e9f715f728f8c3be2caf56797
A 51-minute official (by Chinese state TV together with the space agency) documentary about the lunar far-side sample return mission #Change6: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfYFsrmbcZU -"Back to the Far Side: One mission, a universe of dreams" is strong on human interest and big words but not so much on the mission details, let alone science results.