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David QuinteroSome time ago, I tooted about the anime "Stein;Gate," saying that they mentioned the Kerr solution of a black hole and how that surprised me considerably. (It's a very advanced topic taught only in graduate physics and probably only barely).Today, I heard about an anime that mentioned the "Miguel engine" or similar, but with the word "Miguel." They meant Miguel Alcubierre and his famous solution of a hypothetical warp drive. (I don't know why they used Miguel instead of the surname, Alcubierre). Do you know the name of the anime? <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/manga" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#manga</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/tags/anime" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#anime</a>

Jack C.MGiant, cosmic 'Eye of Sauron' snapped staring directly at us in stunning 15-year time-lapse photo. Via @live_science <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Space" target="_blank">#Space</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Astrophysics" target="_blank">#Astrophysics</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23OrbitalMechanics" target="_blank">#OrbitalMechanics</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Astronomy" target="_blank">#Astronomy</a> 🚀 🌌 ☄️ 🛰️ <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Science" target="_blank">#Science</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Physics" target="_blank">#Physics</a> 🔭🔬🧪🥼🧑‍🔬 <a href="https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/giant-cosmic-eye-of-sauron-snapped-staring-directly-at-us-in-stunning-15-year-time-lapse-photo" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Giant, cosmic 'Eye of Sauron' ...</a>

Jack C.MX-ray telescope finds something unexpected with the 'heartbeat black hole'. Via @spacedotcom <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Space" target="_blank">#Space</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Astrophysics" target="_blank">#Astrophysics</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23OrbitalMechanics" target="_blank">#OrbitalMechanics</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Astronomy" target="_blank">#Astronomy</a> 🚀 🌌 ☄️ 🛰️ <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Science" target="_blank">#Science</a> <a class="hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://bsky.app/search?q=%23Physics" target="_blank">#Physics</a> 🔭🔬🧪🥼🧑‍🔬 <a href="https://www.space.com/astronomy/black-holes/nasa-ixpe-mission-observes-heartbeat-black-hole-that-challenges-cosmic-physics" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">X-ray telescope finds somethin...</a>

grobiPSCs are classified into two main types, each of which consists of several subtypes.+ Type I clouds have a generally stratiform appearance resembling cirrostratus or haze. They are sometimes sub-classified according to their chemical composition which can be measured using LIDAR. The technique also determines the height and ambient temperature of the cloud. They contain water, nitric acid and/or sulfuric acid and are a source of polar ozone depletion. The effects on ozone depletion arise because they support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine which catalyzes ozone destruction, and also because they remove gaseous nitric acid, perturbing nitrogen and chlorine cycles in a way which increases ozone depletion. ++ Type Ia clouds consist of large, aspherical particles, consisting of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). ++ Type Ib clouds contain small, spherical particles (non-depolarising), of a liquid supercooled ternary solution (STS) of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and water. ++ Type Ic clouds consist of metastable water-rich nitric acid in a solid phase.+ Type II clouds, which are very rarely observed in the Arctic, have cirriform and lenticular sub-types and consist of water ice only.Only Type II clouds are necessarily nacreous whereas Type I clouds can be iridescent under certain conditions, just as any other cloud. The World Meteorological Organization no longer uses the alpha-numeric nomenclature seen in this article, and distinguishes only between super-cooled stratiform acid-water PSCs and cirriform-lenticular water ice nacreous PSCs. [..]CREDIT: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: François Guerraz - own work<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_stratospheric_cloud" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_stratospheric_cloud</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[..]Forward scattering of sunlight within the clouds produces a pearly-white appearance. Particles within the optically thin clouds cause colored interference fringes by diffraction. The visibility of the colors may be enhanced with a polarising filter. [..]CREDIT: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: NASA (uploaded by Foobaz)<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[..]PSCs form at very low temperatures, below −78 °C (−108 °F). These temperatures can occur in the lower stratosphere in polar winter. In the Antarctic, temperatures below −88 °C (−126 °F) frequently cause type II PSCs. Such low temperatures are rarer in the Arctic. In the Northern hemisphere, the generation of lee waves by mountains may locally cool the lower stratosphere and lead to the formation of lenticular (lens-shaped) PSCs. [..]CREDIT: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: by Brillern<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[..]The stratosphere is very dry; unlike the troposphere, it rarely allows clouds to form. In the extreme cold of the polar winter, however, stratospheric clouds of different types may form, which are classified according to their physical state (super-cooled liquid or ice) and chemical composition.Due to their high altitude and the curvature of the surface of the Earth, these clouds will receive sunlight from below the horizon and reflect it to the ground, shining brightly well before dawn or after dusk. [..]CREDIT: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: Karin Switzerland <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi"I promised the stressed dev-ops among us more relaxation, so after all the thunderstorm rumbling we put on our coloured glasses again and breathe in and out deeply and completely relaxed again .. Cool and more relaxed:"SUBTOPIC> Polar Stratospheric CloudsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaA polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) is a cloud that forms in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes from 15,000 to 25,000 m (49,000 to 82,000 ft). They are best observed during civil twilight, when the Sun is between 1° and 6° below the horizon, as well as in winter and in more northerly latitudes. One main type of PSC is composed of mostly supercooled droplets of water and nitric acid and is implicated in the formation of ozone holes. The other main type consists only of ice crystals, which are not harmful. This type of PSC is also called nacreous (; from nacre, or mother of pearl), due to its iridescence. [..]CREDIT: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: Alan Light from Charlotte, USA. At Commons<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

ƧƿѦςɛ♏ѦਹѤʞThe 29th October this year will be the 350th birthday (as far as anyone knows) of the long-S integration symbol. Is anyone planning any events to celebrate this great occasion?"It will be useful to write this symbol for omnia..." - Leibniz, 29 Oct 1675<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Leibniz" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Leibniz</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/calculus" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#calculus</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/integral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#integral</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/maths" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#maths</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/mathematics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mathematics</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/history" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#history</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://mathstodon.xyz/@standupmaths" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">@standupmaths</a>

Danish AkhtarEvery time you look at the stars in the sky, you are actually looking into the past because light from those stars takes many years to reach your eyes. You are, in fact, looking at the older images of the Sun, the Moon, and the stars. Isn't it fascinating?<a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/Mastodon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Mastodon</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/universe" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#universe</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/stars" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#stars</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/sun" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sun</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/moon" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#moon</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/facts" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#facts</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/knowledge" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#knowledge</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/cosmos" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cosmos</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/sky" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#sky</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/night" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#night</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/astronomy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#astronomy</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/research" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#research</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/scicomm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#scicomm</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/insights" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#insights</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/fediverse" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fediverse</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/opinion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#opinion</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/discover" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#discover</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/explore" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#explore</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/WritingCommunity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#WritingCommunity</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/writing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#writing</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/quote" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#quote</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/SilentSunday" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SilentSunday</a>

Bruce Sterling @bruces*Man, the pop-science-jargon is epic in this one. <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/entanglementswapping" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#entanglementswapping</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://mastodon.social/tags/bizarre" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bizarre</a> <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/ai-comes-up-with-bizarre-physics-experiments-but-they-work/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/story/ai-comes-up-with-bizarre-physics-experiments-but-they-work/</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaWall Cloud (murus or pedestal cloud) is a large, localized, persistent, and often abrupt lowering of cloud that develops beneath the surrounding base of a cumulonimbus cloud and from which tornadoes sometimes form. It is typically beneath the rain-free base (RFB) portion of a thunderstorm, and indicates the area of the strongest updraft within a storm. Rotating wall clouds are an indication of a mesocyclone in a thunderstorm; most strong tornadoes form from these. Many wall clouds do rotate; however, some do not.Wall clouds are formed by a process known as entrainment, when an inflow of warm, moist air rises and converges, overpowering wet, rain-cooled air from the normally downwind downdraft. As the warm air continues to entrain the cooler air, the air temperature drops, and the dew point increases (thus the dew point depression decreases). As this air continues to rise, it becomes more saturated with moisture, which results in additional cloud condensation, sometimes in the form of a wall cloud. Wall clouds may form as a descending of the cloud base or may form as rising scud comes together and connects to the storm's cloud base.Wall clouds can be anywhere from a fraction of 1 mi (1.6 km) wide to over 5 mi (8 km) across. Wall clouds form in the inflow region, on the side of the storm coinciding with the direction of the steering winds (deep layer winds through the height of the storm). In the Northern Hemisphere wall clouds typically form at the south or southwest end of a supercell. This is in the rear of the supercell near the main updraft and most supercells move in a direction with northeasterly components, for supercells forming in northwest flow situations and moving southeastward, the wall cloud may be found on the northwest or back side of such storms. [..]CREDITS Contributors to Wikimedia projects<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobiVideo of a Roll Cloud by reedme76"This weather phenomenon, known as a Roll Cloud stretched across the sky and spun in a spiral rotation on May 27, 2007. The cloud came in off of Lake Huron and passed over Chief's Point and our family's property at the southern end of Oliphant in Bruce County, Ontario. We quickly realized that this cloud was being pushed by a cold air mass as the temperature dropped from the low-70s down to the mid-50s in about 3 minutes. Chilly gusts of wind picked up as the cloud passed overhead."CREDIT Text & Video reedme76 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@reedme76" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/@reedme76</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi2013 June 2A Roll Cloud Over Uruguay * Credit & Licence: Daniela Mirner EberlExplanation: What kind of cloud is this? A roll cloud. These rare long clouds may form near advancing cold fronts. In particular, a downdraft from an advancing storm front can cause moist warm air to rise, cool below its dew point, and so form a cloud. When this happens uniformly along an extended front, a roll cloud may form. Roll clouds may actually have air circulating along the long horizontal axis of the cloud. A roll cloud is not thought to be able to morph into a tornado. Unlike a similar shelf cloud, a roll cloud, a type of Arcus cloud, is completely detached from their parent cumulonimbus cloud. Pictured below, a roll cloud extends far into the distance in 2009 January above Las Olas Beach in Maldonado, Uruguay.<a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130602.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130602.html</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[..]Roll Clouds (Cloud Atlas name volutus) is a low, horizontal, tube-shaped, and relatively rare type of arcus cloud. They differ from shelf clouds by being completely detached from other cloud features. Roll clouds usually appear to be "rolling" about a horizontal axis. They are a solitary wave called a soliton, which is a wave that has a single crest and moves without changing speed or shape. This rolling is due to the variation in speed and direction of the winds with altitude (wind shear).One of the most famous frequent occurrences is the Morning Glory cloud in Queensland, Australia, which can occur up to four out of ten days in October. One of the main causes of the Morning Glory cloud is the mesoscale circulation associated with sea breezes that develop over the Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Such coastal roll clouds have been seen in many places, including California, the English Channel, Shetland Islands, the North Sea coast, coastal regions of Australia, and Nome, Alaska.However, similar features can be created by downdrafts from thunderstorms or advancing cold front, and are not exclusively associated with coastal regions. They have been reported at different locations inland, including Kansas.Roll clouds have not been associated with funnel clouds or tornadoes, as they are a horizontal vortex.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_cloud#Roll_cloud" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcus_cloud#Roll_cloud</a>CREDITS: Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image: Eazydp<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[Arcus Clouds Side-effects]___ A gustnado is a brief, shallow surface-based vortex which forms within the downburst emanating from a thunderstorm. The name is a portmanteau by elision of "gust front tornado", as gustnadoes form due to non-tornadic straight-line wind features in the downdraft (outflow), specifically within the gust front of strong thunderstorms. Gustnadoes tend to be noticed when the vortices loft sufficient debris or form condensation cloud to be visible although it is the wind that makes the gustnado, similarly to tornadoes. As these eddies very rarely connect from the surface to the cloud base, they are very rarely considered as tornadoes. The gustnado has little in common with tornadoes structurally or dynamically in regard to vertical development, intensity, longevity, or formative process—as classic tornadoes are associated with mesocyclones within the inflow (updraft) of the storm, not the outflow.The average gustnado lasts a few seconds to a few minutes, although there can be several generations and simultaneous swarms. Most have the winds equivalent to an F0 or F1 tornado (up to 180 km/h or 110 mph), and are commonly mistaken for tornadoes. However, unlike tornadoes, the rotating column of air in a gustnado usually does not extend all the way to the base of the thundercloud. Gustnadoes actually have more in common with (minor) whirlwinds. They are not considered true tornadoes (unless they connect the surface to the ambient cloud base in which case they'd become a landspout) by most meteorologists and are not included in tornado statistics in most areas. [...] Read more: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustnado" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustnado</a>CREDITS: Contributors to Wikimedia projects ___<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[Arcus Clouds Side-effects]--- A squall is a sudden, sharp increase in wind speed lasting minutes, as opposed to a wind gust, which lasts for only seconds. They are usually associated with active weather, such as rain showers, thunderstorms, or heavy snow. Squalls refer to the increase of the sustained winds over that time interval, as there may be higher gusts during a squall event. They usually occur in a region of strong sinking air or cooling in the mid-atmosphere. These force strong localized upward motions at the leading edge of the region of cooling, which then enhances local downward motions just in its wake. CREDITS: Contributors to Wikimedia projects ---<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi[..] People seeing a shelf cloud may believe they have seen a wall cloud. This is likely to be a mistake, since an approaching shelf cloud appears to form a wall made of cloud. Shelf clouds usually appear on the leading edge of a storm, while wall clouds are usually at the rear of the storm. [..]CREDIT Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Image (Example Wallcloud): Raychel Sanner<a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobiFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaArcus CloudsAn arcus cloud is a low, horizontal cloud formation, usually appearing as an accessory cloud to a cumulonimbus. Roll clouds and shelf clouds are the two main types of arcus clouds. They most frequently form along the leading edge or gust fronts of thunderstorms; some of the most dramatic arcus formations mark the gust fronts of derecho-producing convective systems. Roll clouds may also arise in the absence of thunderstorms, forming along the shallow cold air currents of some sea breeze boundaries and cold fronts.A shelf cloud is a low, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud attached to the base of the parent cloud, which is usually a thunderstorm cumulonimbus, but could form on any type of convective clouds. Rising air motion can often be seen in the leading (outer) part of the shelf cloud, while the underside can often appear as turbulent and wind-torn. Cool, sinking air from a storm cloud's downdraft spreads out across the land surface, with the leading edge called a gust front. This outflow cuts under warm air being drawn into the storm's updraft. As the lower and cooler air lifts the warm moist air, its water condenses, creating a cloud which often rolls with the different winds above and below (wind shear). [..] Read more in the next replyCREDITS Contributors to Wikimedia projects + Video: Karthik Easvur <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Karthik_Easvur" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Karthik_Easvur</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

grobi2024 November 19 Undulatus Clouds over Las Campanas Observatory * Image Credit & Copyright: Yuri Beletsky (Carnegie Las Campanas Observatory, TWAN); h/t: Alice Allen <a href="https://www.instagram.com/yuribeletsky/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.instagram.com/yuribeletsky/</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Allen_(astronomer)" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Allen_(astronomer)</a> <a href="https://www.lco.cl/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.lco.cl/</a> <a href="https://carnegiescience.edu/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://carnegiescience.edu/</a>Explanation: What's happening with these clouds? While it may seem that these long and thin clouds are pointing toward the top of a hill, and that maybe a world-famous observatory is located there, only part of that is true. In terms of clouds, the formation is a chance superposition of impressively periodic undulating air currents in Earth's lower atmosphere. Undulatus, a type of Asperitas cloud, form at the peaks where the air is cool enough to cause the condensation of opaque water droplets. The wide-angle nature of the panorama creates the illusion that the clouds converge over the hill. In terms of land, there really is a world-famous observatory at the top of that peak: the Carnegie Science's Las Campanas Observatory in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The two telescope domes visible are the 6.5-meter Magellan Telescopes. The featured coincidental vista was a surprise but was captured by the phone of a quick-thinking photographer in late September. <a href="https://climatekids.nasa.gov/cloud-formation/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://climatekids.nasa.gov/cloud-formation/</a> <a href="https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/videos/nasa-our-world-what-cloud" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/videos/nasa-our-world-what-cloud</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_function" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_function</a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/what-is-earths-atmosphere/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/general/what-is-earths-atmosphere/</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan_Telescopes" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan_Telescopes</a><a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap241119.html" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap241119.html</a><a href="https://defcon.social/tags/space" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#space</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/earth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#earth</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/atmophere" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#atmophere</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/clouds" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#clouds</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/weather" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#weather</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/photography" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photography</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/meteorology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meteorology</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/nature" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#nature</a> <a href="https://defcon.social/tags/education" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#education</a>

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