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Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Does awareness of intuition's fallibility help people avoid faulty intuitions?<a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Teaching" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Teaching</a> students <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DualProcessTheory</a> didn't help them avoid faulty intuitions about <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/physics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#physics</a> problems.<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.21.010135" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.21.010135</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/edu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#edu</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/bias" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bias</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/debiasing" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#debiasing</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/epistemology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#epistemology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/rationality" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#rationality</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.A <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Bayesian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Bayesian</a>, <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DualProcessTheory</a> inspired, multinomial approach to moral dilemmas found the - “do no harm” impulse predicted by class, but not reflection. - “some harm for greater good” responses predicted by reflection, not class.<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-024-09584-1" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-024-09584-1</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psycholoy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psycholoy</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/stats" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#stats</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Excited to share YEARS of research about how to get people to think reflectively and how reflection impacts philosophical judgments at the 2025 <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/APA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#APA</a> in <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/NewYorkCity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#NewYorkCity</a> (January 8 to 11): <a href="https://www.apaonline.org/mpage/2025eastern" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.apaonline.org/mpage/2025eastern</a> Can't make it? - More about my talk: <a href="https://researchgate.net/publication/370132037" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://researchgate.net/publication/370132037</a> - More about my poster: <a href="https://researchgate.net/publication/371248872" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://researchgate.net/publication/371248872</a>Thanks to the <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/APA" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#APA</a>, James Beebe, and the Experimental Philosophy Society for the opportunity!<a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/decisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#decisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#philosophy</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/epistemology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#epistemology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/bioethics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bioethics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cognitiveScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cognitiveScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/mTurk" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#mTurk</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Prolific" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Prolific</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/UniversityParticipants" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#UniversityParticipants</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/surveyMethods" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#surveyMethods</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DualProcessTheory</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.More evidence that time pressure inhibits reflective thinking:Covariance detection tasks lure people into judging the effectiveness of an intervention by the NUMBER of times it worked rather than the RATIO of times it worked (compared to the times is didn't work).As with other reflection tests, a time limit reduced performance on the task (N ≅ 400).<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06525-0" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06525-0</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/statistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#statistics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#logic</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/criticalThinking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#criticalThinking</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/medicine" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#medicine</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/decisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#decisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/edu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#edu</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/bias" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bias</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cognitiveBias" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cognitiveBias</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Training language models to reflect improved the their performance on mathematical tests? The reflective model is designed to “consider alternative perspectives and engage with abstractions and analogies”. Results indicate the reflective model outperforms other models (and most of the gains can be achieved with less than half the training data?).<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.12050" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.12050</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AI</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/LLM" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LLM</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/math" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#math</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/computerScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#computerScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/decisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#decisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/edu" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#edu</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/modeling" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#modeling</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/science" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#science</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/epistemology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#epistemology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.I recently found think-aloud research from 15 years ago, which may have revealed that expert entrepreneurs thought more reflectively than novices (MBA students).I also like that this paper seems to relay some of the reasons that concurrent think-aloud protocols can outperform retrospective verbal report protocols.<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.02.002" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.02.002</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/business" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#business</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/decisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#decisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/economics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#economics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/epistemology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#epistemology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/surveyMethods" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#surveyMethods</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/ThinkAloudProtocol" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ThinkAloudProtocol</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Another paper finds that overcoming <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/bias" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#bias</a> in a logic test had less to do with speed than strategy. Performance on a logical test of bias was impacted by a time limit for “Counterexample” reasoners but not “Statistical” reasoners (N > 300).<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2024.2313566" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2024.2313566</a>I wish the author had measured and controlled for test familiarity. That's usually the most potent predictor of performance in my data. <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DecisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DecisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Logic</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Statistics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Statistics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/CriticalThinking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CriticalThinking</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/CogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DualProcessTheory</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.“The Andrew Carnegie Effect”: “prompted to consider … their …impact [on] future generations, [people] allocate[d] more of their wealth to collectivistic beneficiaries (e.g., charities) and less of their wealth to relational beneficiaries (e.g., family members).”Four preregistered studies (N = 3,656): <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231201684" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231201684</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/ethics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ethics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/politics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#politics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/economics" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#economics</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/philanthropy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#philanthropy</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/decisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#decisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.What brain areas have been particularly active in deliberate, reflective thinking?An “activation likelihood estimation (ALE) <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/metaAnalysis" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#metaAnalysis</a> [that] investigate[d] the neural foundation of the dual-process theory of thought …converged on the medial frontal cortex, superior frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and left inferior frontal gyrus.”<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010101" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010101</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/neuroscience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#neuroscience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/moralPsychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#moralPsychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/neuroImaging" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#neuroImaging</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/fMRI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fMRI</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Which matters more: The size of language models or the psychology of language models?In my latest at Psychology Today, I relay evidence suggesting that at this stage in the development of language models, their psychology probably matters more than their size: <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/upon-reflection/202401/why-does-size-matter-in-large-language-models" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank">https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/upon-reflection/202401/why-does-size-matter-in-large-language-models</a> Then I mention implications for both AI companies and the rest of us.<a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/AI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#AI</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/genAI" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#genAI</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/LLMs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#LLMs</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/psychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#psychology</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/computerScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#computerScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/cogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/PhilMind" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#PhilMind</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/PhilSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#PhilSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/digitalHumanities" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#digitalHumanities</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/History" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#History</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Philosophy" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Philosophy</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.Duped by association?"individuals of lower cognitive-ability level [we]re more susceptible to <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/misinformation" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#misinformation</a> in general, [but] those of higher cognitive-ability level [we]re more susceptible to associatively inferred misinformation. Different from the idea that misinformation is attractive to “lazy” people, our study implies that...."Sample sizes of 700-1500 mTurk workers: <a href="https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/22166" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/22166</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Logic" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Logic</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/CriticalThinking" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CriticalThinking</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DecisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DecisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/CogSci" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CogSci</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/SocialMedia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#SocialMedia</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Journalism" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Journalism</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DualProcessTheory</a>

Nick Byrd, Ph.D.<a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Emotion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Emotion</a> words were used less by <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/Spanish" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Spanish</a> bilinguals that read and wrote about whether to sacrifice someone to save lives (on footbridge <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/trolleyProblem" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#trolleyProblem</a>) in their <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/secondLanguage" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#secondLanguage</a> (<a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/English" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#English</a>).Using their 2nd <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/language" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#language</a> also led to more <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/utilitarian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#utilitarian</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/moral" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#moral</a> decisions and arguments—an effect mediated by using (fewer) high-arousal words.Support for <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/dualProcessTheory" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#dualProcessTheory</a> claims that <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/emotion" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#emotion</a> can promote <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/deontological" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#deontological</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/ethical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#ethical</a> thinking?<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221134193" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221134193</a><a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/xPhi" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#xPhi</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/DecisionScience" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#DecisionScience</a> <a href="https://nerdculture.de/tags/socialPsychology" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#socialPsychology</a>

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